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== Overview == Traditionally, cricket matches have two umpires on the field, one standing at the end where the bowler delivers the ball (bowler's end), and one directly opposite the facing batsman (usually, but not always, at [[fielding positions in cricket|square leg]]). However, in the modern game, there may be more than two umpires; for example Test Matches have four: two on-field umpires, a [[third umpire]] who has access to video replays, and a [[fourth umpire]] who looks after the match balls and takes out the drinks for the on-field umpires. The [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) has three panels of umpires: namely the [[Elite Panel of ICC Umpires|Elite Panel of Umpires]], the larger [[International Panel of Umpires and Referees|International Panel of Umpires]] and the [[Development Panel of ICC Umpires]]. Most Test matches are controlled by neutral members of the Elite Panel, with local members of the International Panel providing, usually in the third or fourth umpire roles. Members of the International Panel will occasionally officiate as neutral on-field umpires in Tests. Members of the three panels officiate in [[One Day International]] (ODI) and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/match-officials/overview |title=Match officials |website=International Cricket Council |language=en |access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1670371 |title=Cricket Committee recommends prohibition of saliva to shine the ball |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> Professional matches also have a [[Match referee|match referee]], who complements the role of the umpires. The match referee makes no decisions relevant to the outcome of the game, but instead enforces the [[ICC Cricket Code of Conduct]], ensuring the game is played in a reputable manner. The ICC appoints a match referee from its [[Panel of ICC Referees|Elite Panel of Referees]] to adjudicate [[Test cricket|Test matches]] and ODIs. Minor cricket matches will often have trained umpires. The independent [[Association of Cricket Umpires and Scorers]] (ACU&S), formed in 1955, used to conduct umpire training within the UK. It however merged to form the ECB [[Association of Cricket Officials]] (ECB ACO) on 1 January 2008. A new structure of cricket umpiring and [[Scoring (cricket)|scoring]] qualifications has now been put into place and the ACO provides training and examinations for these.<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/ecb-association-of-cricket-officials/education-find-a-course ECB ACO] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316232945/http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/ecb-association-of-cricket-officials/education-find-a-course |date=16 March 2015 }} Education β find a course</ref> [[Cricket Australia]] has introduced a two-tier accreditation scheme and eventually all umpires will be required to achieve the appropriate level of accreditation. The ages of umpires can vary enormously as some are former players, while others enter the cricketing world as umpires. In accordance with the tradition of cricket, most ordinary, local games will have two umpires, one supplied by each side, who will fairly enforce the accepted rules.
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