Editing Ulaanbaatar (section)

==Names and etymology==
{{see also|Names of Ulaanbaatar in different languages|}}

The city at its establishment in 1639 was referred to as {{lang|mn-Latn|Örgöö}} ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡ|h}}; Өргөө|lit=Palace}}). This name was eventually adapted in the West as {{lang|mn-Latn|Urga}},<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Urga |volume=27 |page=795}}</ref> being derived from the Russian form.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Alan J. K. |title=Historical Dictionary of Mongolia |date=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810861916 |chapter=Urga (Örgöö) |pages=340–341}}</ref> By 1651, it began to be referred to as {{lang|mn-Latn|Nomiĭn Khüree}} ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠨᠣᠮ {{zwj}}ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ|h}}; Номын хүрээ|lit=Khüree of Wisdom}}), and by 1706 it was referred to as {{lang|mn-Latn|Ikh Khüree}} ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ|h}}; Их хүрээ|lit=Great Khüree}}). The Chinese equivalent, {{lang|zh-Latn|Dà Kùlún}} ({{lang-zh|大庫倫|lit=Great Kùlún}}, {{langx|mn|Да Хүрээ}}), was rendered into Western languages as ''Kulun'' or ''Kuren''.

Other names include {{lang|mn-Latn|[[Praise of Bogdiin Khuree|Bogdiin Khuree]]}} ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ|h}}; Богдын хүрээ||lit=The [[Jebtsundamba Khutuktu|Bogd]]'s Khüree}}), or simply {{lang|mn-Latn|Khüree}} ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ|h}}; Хүрээ|translit= Küriye}}), itself a term originally referring to an ''enclosure'' or ''settlement''.

Upon [[Mongolian Revolution of 1911|independence in 1911]], with both the secular government and the [[Bogd Khan]]'s palace present, the city's name was changed to {{lang|mn-Latn|Niĭslel Khüree}} ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ|h}}; Нийслэл Хүрээ|lit=Capital Khüree}}).<ref name="Sanders"/>

When the city became the capital of the new [[Mongolian People's Republic]] on 29 October 1924, its name was changed to ''Ulaanbaatar'' ({{literal translation|Red Hero}}), possibly in honor of [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]].<ref name="Sanders">{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Alan |title=Historical Dictionary of Mongolia |date=9 April 2003 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6601-0 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Mongolia/Z5umNthHltQC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en |chapter=Ulan Bator (Ulaanbaatar) |page=332}}</ref> At the meeting of the 1st Great People's Khural in 1924, the majority of delegates voted in favor of renaming the capital of Mongolia to Bator-khoto ("City of the Hero," implicitly referring to the figure of Genghis Khan). Nevertheless, at the insistence of the Comintern representative, Soviet-Kazakhstan political figure [[Turar Ryskulov|T. R. Ryskulov]], who previously had no connection to Mongolia, the city was named Ulan Bator Khoto ("City of the Red Hero").{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} After the vote, he gave a speech:<blockquote>Genghis Khan was a national hero, but he was a conqueror. Present-day People's Mongolia has no imperialistic goals; it wants to liberate itself and develop independently, along revolutionary lines. Therefore, the name Ulaanbaatar-Khoto will be a revolutionary name, and it will be understandable to everyone. The prefix Ulan ("red") gives this name a revolutionary character, symbolizing the revolutionary steadfastness of the Mongolian people in their struggle for independence.</blockquote>

In the Western world, Ulaanbaatar continued to be generally known as Urga or Khuree until 1924, and afterward as Ulan Bator ({{langx|ru|Улан-Батор|translit=Ulan-Bator}}). Although related to the Russian form, ''Ulan Bator'' was approved by the Mongolian Post Office.<ref name="Sanders"/> This form was defined two decades before the Mongolian name received its current [[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] spelling and transliteration (1941–1950); however, the name of the city was spelled ''Ulaanbaatar koto'' during the decade [[Mongolian Latin alphabet|in which Mongolia used the Latin alphabet]].<ref name="Sanders"/>