Editing USS Holland (SS-1) (section)

==Design and construction==
[[File:SS-1 Holland diagram.png|left|thumb|Rough sketch of ''Holland''.]]

''Holland'' was built at former Navy Lieutenant [[Lewis Nixon (naval architect)|Lewis Nixon's]] Crescent Shipyard of Elizabeth, New Jersey for John Holland's Holland Torpedo Boat Company, which became the [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat]] company in 1899.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/crescent.htm
|title=Crescent Shipyard
|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org
|access-date=2012-09-21
}}</ref> The vessel was built under the supervision of [[John Philip Holland]], who designed the vessel and her details. ''Holland''{{'}}s [[keel]] was laid at Nixon's Crescent Shipyard with both men present. The two men worked together using many of John Holland's proven concepts and patents to make the submarine a reality, each man complementing the other's contributions to the development of the modern submarine. John Holland was the inventor for US Patent 702,729 for the design of a submarine boat. Testing and training first took place at the [[Holland Torpedo Boat Station]] from 1899 to 1900.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patent US702729A (Submarine boat.)|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US702729A/|last=Holland|first=John Philip|author-link=John Philip Holland|date=5 October 1900|accessdate=2018-10-16}}</ref> Important contributions were also made by [[Arthur Leopold Busch|Arthur L. Busch]] (or Du Busc), Crescent's superintendent.

''Holland VI'' included many features that submarines of the early 20th century would exhibit, albeit in later, more advanced forms. There was a [[conning tower]] from which the boat and her weapons could be directed. Also, she had all the necessary [[ballast tank|ballast]] and trim tanks to make precise changes in depth and attitude underwater. Her crew was six men and maximum diving depth was {{convert|75|ft}}.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">Friedman, p. 306</ref>

For armament, she had a reloadable 18-inch (450&nbsp;mm) [[torpedo tube]] with three [[Whitehead Mark 2 torpedo]]es and an {{convert|8.425|in|mm|adj=on}} pneumatic [[dynamite gun]] in the bow (the dynamite gun's projectiles were called "aerial torpedoes").<ref name="Register">Bauer and Roberts, p. 253</ref> A second dynamite gun in the stern was removed in 1900 to make room for an improved engine exhaust, prior to delivery to the Navy.<ref name="Friedman, p. 25">Friedman, p. 25</ref>

She had both an [[internal combustion engine]] (specifically, a 4-stroke [[Otto engine|Otto gasoline engine]] of {{convert|45|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}) for running on the surface and charging batteries, and an [[Electro-Dynamic Company|Electro Dynamic]] [[electric motor]] of {{convert|50|shp|kW|abbr=on}} for submerged operation, with one shaft.<ref name=Conways1>Gardiner and Gray, pp. 126-127</ref> A 66-[[Electrochemical cell|cell]] [[Exide]] [[Electric battery|battery]] powered the electric motor when submerged.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> This allowed speeds of {{convert|6|kn|lk=in}} surfaced and {{convert|5.5|kn}} submerged. Surfaced range was {{convert|200|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|6|kn|abbr=on}}, while submerged range was {{convert|30|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5.5|kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> There is significant variation in references as to the vessel's horsepower and speed, for example, the ''Register of Ships of the U. S. Navy'' gives horsepower figures of {{convert|45|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced and {{convert|75|shp|kW|abbr=on}} submerged, with {{convert|8|kn}} surfaced and {{convert|5|kn}} submerged.<ref name="Register"/>