Editing Tyburn (section)

==History==
{{Location map|United Kingdom London Westminster
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|width=
|default_width=220|caption=Location of Tyburn on a map of the modern [[City of Westminster]], west-central London
|lat_deg=51.513333
|lon_deg=-0.160278
|position=bottom
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|label=Tyburn
}}

The manor of Tyburn, and the neighbouring [[Lisson Grove|Lisson]], were recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, and were together served by the [[parish]] of [[Marylebone]], itself named after the stream. The original name of the parish was simply Marybourne, the stream of St Mary; the French "le" appeared in the 17th century, under the influence of names like [[St Mary-le-Bow|Mary-le-Bow]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of London Place-Names|last=Mills|first=David|edition=2nd|date=2010|location=Oxford|publisher=The University Press|isbn=978-0-199-56678-5}}</ref> Domesday showed that the manor was held, both before and after the Norman Conquest, by the [[Barking Abbey]] nunnery. The Domesday survey records it as having eight households, suggesting a population of around 40.<ref>Domesday entry for Tyburn https://opendomesday.org/place/TQ2780/marylebone/</ref> In the 1230s and 1240s, the manor was held by Gilbert de Sandford, the son of [[John de Sandford]], who had been the [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] to [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]. In 1236, the City of London contracted with Sir Gilbert to draw water from Tyburn Springs, which he held, to serve as the source of the first piped water supply for the city. The water was supplied in lead pipes that ran from where [[Bond Street station]] stands today, 800&nbsp;m east of [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], down to the hamlet of Charing ([[Charing Cross]]), along [[Fleet Street]] and over the Fleet Bridge, climbing [[Ludgate Hill]] (by gravitational pressure) to a public conduit at [[Cheapside]]. Water was supplied free to all comers.<ref>Stephen Inwood, A History of London (New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, 1998), p. 125. Also see D. P. Johnson (ed.), English Episcopal Acta, Vol. 26: London, 1189–1228 (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press for the British Academy, 2003), Doc. 88, pp. 85–86.</ref>

The junction of the two Roman roads had significance from ancient times, and was marked by a monument known as ''Oswulf's Stone'', which gave its name to the [[Ossulstone]] [[Hundred (division)|Hundred]] of [[Middlesex]]. The stone was covered over in 1851 when [[Marble Arch]] was moved to the area, but it was shortly afterwards unearthed and propped up against the Arch. It has not been seen since it was stolen in 1869.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/605-oswalds-stone-the-lost-palladium-of-middlesex/|title=Who Stole Oswald's Stone, the Magic Middlesex Monolith?|date=23 April 2013|publisher=The Big Think|access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref>