Editing Tuxedo Park, New York (section)

==History==
The park is in the [[Ramapo Mountains]]. In the colonial era, it acquired a reputation for undeveloped iron deposits. In consequence, a company formed in England and headed by [[William Alexander, Lord Stirling]], acquired a large tract in the neighborhood. The company built furnaces near Ringwood and opened mines on the Ramapo River near Sterling Lake. [[Pierre Lorillard II]] acquired the company and its land holdings in 1790. Once the iron deposits were depleted, the land was used for lumbering.

What is now the village and the areas immediately surrounding it were first developed as a private hunting-and-fishing reserve by [[Pierre Lorillard IV]] in 1885. At that time it became known as "Tuxedo Park". Lorillard IV initially built small cottages, renting or selling them to his friends and family. The project grew so popular that he organized the [[Tuxedo Club]] and the Tuxedo Park Association, and surrounded the property with a high game fence. This fence fairly accurately marked the present boundaries of the area restricted to use of the residents of Tuxedo Park. In 1924 the Tuxedo Securities Corporation acquired from the Estate of Peter Lorillard, deceased, all of the stock of the Tuxedo Park Association.

[[File:Wm Kent Cottage Tuxedo Park NY 1886 Bruce Price.jpg|thumb|right|William Kent cottage (1885–86, demolished), [[Bruce Price]], architect]]
[[File:W. Chanler Cottage Tuxedo Park NY 1886 Bruce Price.jpg|thumb|right|W. Chanler cottage (1885–86), [[Bruce Price]], architect]]
The original clubhouse, designed by [[Bruce Price]], was built in 1886 and was then replaced by a second clubhouse in 1928, which was designed by [[John Russell Pope]]. This building was destroyed by fire in 1943, and was partially rebuilt soon thereafter.

The [[shingle style]] cottages Price built at Tuxedo, with their compact massing and axial plans influenced [[Modern architecture|Modernist]] architects, including [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]. [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne]] architecture with Tudor elements became popular for residences.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bruce Price | work=Great Buildings Online | url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Bruce_Price.html | access-date=December 17, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Price, Bruce | work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online | url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=7003 | access-date=December 17, 2005 }}</ref>

Tuxedo Park enjoyed many prosperous years from 1885 until the 1920s. ''The Blue Book of Etiquette'' was written by [[Emily Post]], who was the daughter of [[Bruce Price]]. She wrote the book based on what she observed inside the great stone gates of Tuxedo. Other Tuxedo notables from that era include:
* Grenville Kane – banker, heir, and longtime resident
* [[Dorothy Draper]] – interior designer
* Adele Colgate – heir to the [[Colgate-Palmolive|Colgate/Palmolive]] fortune
* Fernando Yznaga<ref>{{cite news|last1=Browning|first1=C.H.|title=Americans of Royal Descent|year=1883|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2i0BAAAAQAAJ&q=Natica+Yznaga&pg=PA119|access-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> – banker; brother of [[Consuelo Yznaga, Duchess of Manchester]]<ref>{{cite news|title=LORD MANDEVILLE'S WEDDING.; |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1876/05/23/archives/lord-mandevilles-wedding-a-brilliant-affair-at-grace-church-lord.html|access-date=July 12, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 23, 1876 }}, Retrieved December 5, 2012.</ref>
* [[George Fisher Baker]] – banker
* [[J. P. Morgan]] – banker
* [[Alfred Lee Loomis]] – investment banker, scientist
* [[William Waldorf Astor]]
* [[Herbert C. Pell]]
* [[Augustus Juilliard]]
* [[Millicent Rogers]]
* [[James Whitmore]]
[[File:St. Mary's front view cropped.jpg|thumb|[[St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo|St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church]] (1888), [[William Appleton Potter]], architect]]
During the 1920s a new hospital and a high school were built through the generosity of a few Tuxedo Park residents, including [[John Insley Blair]]. In the years following the [[Great Depression]], however, Tuxedo Park lost many of its [[socialite]]s and wealthy inhabitants, but attracted a few new ones, as well. One of the new residences was built by [[Angier Biddle Duke]], (cousin to [[Doris Duke]]), whose father-in-law, George Baker St. George, was an original resident of Tuxedo. St. George purchased and built for Duke and his wife, Priscilla St George, a new estate, "Duck Hollow". Duck Hollow was the last built estate in Tuxedo Park by the old "[[Nobility|blue blood]] elite". While Duke and his wife were traveling abroad, as most elites did at that time, St. George had landscape architect [[Arthur P. Kroll]] landscape the property. By the time the Dukes returned from Europe, the property had been transformed and appeared to have been there for over 100 years.

The area known as Tuxedo Park separated from the Town of Tuxedo and became incorporated in 1952, adopting the village form of government.  Today it includes {{convert|2,050|acre|km2}}, of which {{convert|355|acre|km2}} includes three lakes, and about 330 housing units in 340 structures. Other newer housing developments outside of the gated Village of Tuxedo Park but in the Town of Tuxedo include the Tuxedo Heights Condominiums in Southfields built in 1971 on the site of a former bed factory, the Mountain View Apartments near the Sloatsburg line, and The Woodlands at Tuxedo (townhomes HOA) in the Eagle Valley section. The former private mansion residence of Loomis of [[Alfred Lee Loomis]] is sometimes referred to as the Loomis Laboratory,<ref>Conant, Jennet, [[iarchive:tuxedopark00jenn|''Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War II'']],  New York : Simon & Schuster, (2002). {{ISBN|0-684-87287-0}}</ref> and it is now private rental apartments inside the Village of Tuxedo Park.

Outside of the gated Village of Tuxedo Park, in the Town of Tuxedo were the former [[Red Apple Rest]], and the Sterling Forest Ski Center, aka Tuxedo Ridge Ski Resort.  This former ski property is home to the [[New York Renaissance Faire|New York Renaissance Festival]] and various sporting events including Spartan Races.  Also in the Town of Tuxedo is a former [[International Paper]] Research Center today owned and occupied by Watchtower Organization. Just outside the gates of Tuxedo Park is the Hamlet of The Town of Tuxedo, which consists of numerous historic structures built around the time of the original Tuxedo Park development. Historic buildings include the Tuxedo Train station (Metro-North stop Tuxedo), the Tuxedo Park Library (designed by Bruce Price), and the Tuxedo Park Post Office and Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Catholic Church.

In recognition of its [[historic preservation|historical]] and architectural significance, the historic district was listed as '''Tuxedo Park''' on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on March 13, 1980.<ref name="nris"/> In 1982 the designation was officially presented to Mrs. Joan Richardsson Alleman, Co-Chairman of the Tuxedo Conservation and Taxpayers Association, at the Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site in nearby Newburgh, NY. The designation was presented by Oren Lehman, Commissioner of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation and is displayed at the Tuxedo Park Village Office.