Editing Tuscaloosa County, Alabama (section)

==History==
''See also the history of [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama]]''

===Early settlement===
The pace of white settlement in the Southeast increased greatly after the [[War of 1812]] and the [[Treaty of Fort Jackson]] and the subsequent availability of land previously settled by Native Americans. A small assortment of log cabins soon arose near the large [[Creek (people)|Creek]] village at the fall line of the river, which the new settlers named in honor of the sixteenth-century [[Chief Tuskaloosa]].<ref name="aces">"ACES Winston County Office" (links/history), [[Alabama Cooperative Extension System]] (ACES), 2007, webpage:  [http://www.aces.edu/counties/Tuscaloosa/ ACES-Tuscaloosa].</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United States Census Bureau|title=2010 Census Data|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/|access-date=May 12, 2012|publisher=United States Census Bureau|archive-date=October 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016135253/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data|url-status=dead}}</ref> of a [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]]-speaking tribe and paramount chief of the [[Mississippian culture]]. To form the word, they combined the Choctaw words "tushka" or "tashka" ("warrior") and "lusa" ("black").

In 1817, [[Alabama]] became a [[Alabama Territory|territory]]. Tuscaloosa County was established on February 6, 1818. On December 13, 1819, the territorial legislature incorporated the town of Tuskaloosa- now Tuscaloosa - one day before [[United States Congress|Congress]] admitted Alabama the [[United States|Union]] as a [[U.S. state|state]].

From 1826 to 1846, Tuskaloosa was the [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] of Alabama. The State House was built at the corner of 6th Street and 28th Avenue (now the site of Capitol Park). In 1831, the [[University of Alabama]] was established.

===Civil War and Reconstruction===
During the antebellum years, the principal crop was cotton, cultivated and processed by African-American slaves. By 1860, shortly before Alabama's [[secession]] from the Union, the county had a total of 12,971 whites, 84 "free" African Americans, and 10,145 African-American slaves; the latter comprised 43.7 percent of the total population.<ref name="pop">[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ajac/altuscaloosa.htm Tom Blake, "MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES"], Tuscaloosa County, AL, February 2002, at Rootsweb</ref> The [[American Civil War|Civil War]] brought significant changes, including migration out of the county by some African Americans.<ref name="pop" /> Some [[freedmen]] moved to nearby counties and larger cities for more opportunities and to join with other freedmen in communities less subject to white supervision and intimidation.<ref name="pop" />

Several thousand men from Tuscaloosa County fought in the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] armies. During the last weeks of the War, a brigade of Union troops raiding the city burned the campus of the university. The town of Tuscaloosa was also damaged in the battle and shared fully in the South's economic sufferings which followed the defeat. Following Reconstruction, there was violence as whites struggled to regain control of the state legislature. It reached a height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tuscaloosa County had a total of 10 documented [[Lynching in the United States|lynchings of African Americans]], according to a 2015 study by the [[Equal Justice Initiative]].<ref>[https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf "Supplement: Lynchings by County/ Alabama: Tuscaloosa", 3rd edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063004/https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf|date=October 23, 2017}}, from ''Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror'', 2015, Equal Justice Institute, Montgomery, Alabama</ref>

In the 1890s the construction of a system of locks and dams on the Black Warrior River by the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] improved navigation to such an extent that Tuscaloosa was effectively connected to the Gulf Coast seaport of [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]]. This stimulated the economy and trade, and mining and metallurgical industries were developed in the region. By the advent of the 20th century, the growth of the University of Alabama and the mental health-care facilities in the city, along with a strong national economy, fueled a steady growth in Tuscaloosa which continued unabated for 100 years.

In 1901, the state legislature passed a constitution that [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disenfranchised most African Americans]] and tens of thousands of poor whites and followed with [[Jim Crow]] laws enforcing racial segregation. Due to this oppression and problems of continued violence by [[Lynching in the United States|lynching]]s, many African Americans left Alabama in two waves of the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] in the first half of the 20th century. They went to Northern and Midwestern industrial cities. Their mass departure from Tuscaloosa County is reflected in the lower rates of county population growth from 1910 to 1930, and from 1950 to 1970. (see Census Table).

===Civil Rights era===
Blacks by 1960 represented 28.7% of the county population, and they were still disenfranchised throughout the state. African Americans in Tuscaloosa were active in demonstrations and other civil rights activities throughout the 1960s, seeking [[desegregation in the United States|desegregation]] of public facilities, including the county courthouse. The university was at the center of significant moments in the civil rights movement, including the admission of [[Autherine Lucy]] and the pro-segregation demonstration that followed as well as the [[Stand in the Schoolhouse Door]] incident in which then-governor [[George Wallace]] attempted to stop desegregation of the institution by denying entrance to two [[African-American]] students.

The late 20th century brought positive economic news when [[Mercedes-Benz]] announced it would build its first U.S. assembly plant near [[Vance, Alabama|Vance]]. The facility opened in 1995 and began assembling the R-Class Grand Sport Tourer in 2005. From 2006 to 2015 it produced the [[Mercedes-Benz GL-Class|GL-Class]] vehicles; and since 1998 and 2015 respectively, has produced the [[Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class|GLS-Class]] and [[Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class|GLE-CLASS]]. The plant brought thousands of jobs to the area through its own direct hires as well as those of the many component suppliers it attracted.

===2000 to Present===
On April 27, 2011, the city of Tuscaloosa was hit by a half-mile (800 m) wide [[2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado|EF4 tornado]], which was part of the [[2011 Super Outbreak]]. It resulted in at least 44 deaths in the city, over 1000 injuries, and massive devastation.<ref name="MSNBC">{{Cite web |title=Twister outbreak is second deadliest in US history |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42834400 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="blog.al.com">{{Cite web |last=Kausler Jr. |first=Don |date=2011-04-28 |title=Tuscaloosa tornadoes: Death toll at 36, Mayor Walt Maddox says |url=https://www.al.com/spotnews/2011/04/tuscaloosa_tornadoes_death_tol.html |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=AL.com |language=en}}</ref> Officials at DCH Hospital (alone) in Tuscaloosa reported treating more than 1000 injured people in the first several days of the tornado aftermath.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite news |date=April 29, 2011 |title=Tornadoes inflict grim toll on Alabama children |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather-children-idUSTRE73S7MU20110429 |access-date=May 10, 2023}}</ref> Mayor Maddox was quoted saying that "We have neighborhoods that have been basically removed from the map."<ref>{{cite web|date=April 29, 2011|title=Twister debris searched; nearly 300 dead - Weather|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42794539|access-date=July 10, 2013|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> On April 29, President Barack Obama, upon touring the tornado damage in Tuscaloosa, said "I have never seen devastation like this".<ref>{{cite web|date=April 29, 2011|title=President Obama, First Lady Tour Alabama Tornado Damage - ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/president-obama-lady-tour-alabama-tornado-damage/story?id=13489876|access-date=July 10, 2013|publisher=Abcnews.go.com}}</ref>

In the decade since, more than $1 billion in public and private funding<ref>{{Cite web|title='Day You'll Never Forget': Decade After Deadly Tuscaloosa Tornado, Recovery Is Uneven|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/27/991277578/day-youll-never-forget-decade-after-deadly-tuscaloosa-tornado-recovery-is-uneven|access-date=July 14, 2021|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> has assisted the community in recovery. Former Tuscaloosa City Council President told NPR in 2021, "Black, white, young and old come together and we worked through this thing and made Tuscaloosa what it is today."

According to a police violence tracking website, police have killed directly or indirectly 18 people over the last 21 years in the county, half of them African American.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Searches – Fatal Encounters|url=https://fatalencounters.org/view/person/|access-date=September 30, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>