Editing Tulse Hill (section)

==History==
The area known as Tulse Hill is part of the former [[manorialism|Manor]] or Manors of '''Bodley, Upgroves and Scarlettes''' whose precise boundaries are now uncertain. The name of the area comes from the Tulse family who came into ownership of farmland in the area during the period of the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]] in the 1650s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Brockwell Park, Friends of Brockwell Park|url=http://www.brockwellpark.com/history/history.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402164351/http://www.brockwellpark.com/history/history.htm|archive-date=2 April 2009|access-date=5 November 2006}}</ref> [[Henry Tulse (Lord Mayor)|Sir Henry Tulse]] was [[Lord Mayor of London]] in 1683 and his daughter Elizabeth married [[Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow]].<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43031 'Lambeth: The parish', A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 (1912), pp. 50-64. Date accessed: 15 May 2011]</ref> The land remained in Onslow ownership until 1789 when most of it was purchased by William Cole. The estate was further divided on Cole's death in 1807.

The western part was left to "Mercy Cressingham, spinster" (now commemorated by the [[Cressingham Gardens]] estate in the area) and the eastern part -now mostly occupied by [[Brockwell Park]] - was left to Richard Ogbourne who promptly sold it on to John Blades.

In 1810 Tulse Hill Farm was the only building in the western part of the area. The [[enclosure]] of land in the parish of [[Lambeth (parish)|Lambeth]] in 1811 led to the construction of Effra Road in the area immediately to the north. Together with improvements to Brixton Road by the local [[turnpike trust]] this greatly improved road communications with central London, and the value of the local landholdings.

Mercy Cressingham eventually married Dr Thomas Edwards, who took the initiative in buying extra land to make an access from [[Brixton Hill]] in 1814 and laying out two new roads, Lower Tulse Hill Road (now known simply as Tulse Hill) and Upper Tulse Hill Road (now Upper Tulse Hill), by 1821. A plan of 1821 in the [[Royal Institute of British Architects|RIBA]] Library shows a proposed speculative development of both the Edwards estate and the adjacent Blades estate with large detached villas, although only the former actually came to fruition. The new roads were adopted by the parish in 1822.

An 1832 map shows that Tulse Hill still had only a few buildings on the new roads in contrast to nearby recently developed areas in [[Brixton]] and [[West Norwood|Norwood]] and the longer established hamlet of [[Dulwich]].<ref>[http://www.londonancestor.com/maps/london-south-th.htm Genealogy & Family History, London Ancestor website]</ref> However, by 1843, there was a continuous line of houses, predominantly detached and usually with separate coach houses along the full length of Lower Tulse Hill Road from Brixton to the top of the hill.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

Development of the area to the east of this road commenced in 1845 when Trinity Rise was built to connect Upper Tulse Hill with Norwood Road. Holy Trinity Church on Trinity Rise was built in 1855-6 and is now [[grade II listed]].

Major development of the area further east did not come until the opening of the [[Herne Hill railway station|Herne Hill]] and [[Tulse Hill railway station|Tulse Hill]] railway stations in the 1860s.

Most of the original villas with large gardens on the original Edwards-Cressingham landholding have been redeveloped at much higher densities for [[council housing]] since the 1930s.

The most prominent survival of 19th century Tulse Hill is Berry House, later called Silwood Hall, and now forming the front part of [[St Martin-In-The-Fields High School for Girls]], a [[Church of England]] secondary school which outlasted the nearby 1950s schools before its closure in 2024.

The redevelopment of Tulse Hill after [[World War II]] by the [[London County Council]] had included the construction of two large secondary schools - [[Tulse Hill School]] and [[Dick Sheppard School]] (originally for girls only). Both schools have now closed, and their sites have been redeveloped for housing of very contrasting types. The Dick Sheppard School site was redeveloped as Brockwell Gate,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.brockwellgate.com/Home| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090307192205/http://www.brockwellgate.com/Home| archive-date = 2009-03-07| title = Brockwell Gate - home (Brockwell Gate)}} </ref> a gated [[Regency style]] with houses and apartments overlooking Brockwell Park. The site of Tulse Hill school was redeveloped as affordable housing.