Editing Tubac, Arizona (section)

== History ==
Established in 1752 as a Spanish [[Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac|presidio]], the first [[Spain|Spanish]] colonial garrison in what is now [[Arizona]], Tubac was one of the stops on the [[El Camino Real (California)|Camino Real]] (the "Royal Road") from Mexico to the Spanish settlements in [[California]].

Tubac's most famous Spanish resident was [[Juan Bautista de Anza]]. While stationed at Tubac (1760–1776), de Anza built the chapel of Santa Gertrudis, the foundations of which lie beneath today's St. Ann's Church.

[[Apache]]s attacked the town repeatedly in the 1840s, forcing the [[Sonora]]n Mexicans to abandon both [[Tumacacori, Arizona|Tumacacori]] and Tubac.

Tubac was the scene of a four-day [[Siege of Tubac|siege]] in 1861 among the population of Tubac,  [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] militia, and Apache warriors.<ref>[[Walker A. Tompkins]], ''Santa Barbara History Makers''.  McNally & Loftin, 1983.  p. 105.  {{ISBN|0-87461-059-1}}</ref>

The Confederates won and the Confederate flag used by the headquarters in Richmond was raised. When Union troops then started to approach Tucson, the Confederate troops left Tubac. There the town lay abandoned; grass grew in the streets and the adobe houses crumbled away.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Arizona Sentinel Newspaper| url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84021912/1879-03-22/ed-1/seq-1/|pages=1|work=chroniclingamerica.loc.gov|date=March 22, 1879|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref>

From the 1930s–1960s, Tubac evolved into an art colony. Painter [[Dale Nichols]] opened an art school in the small desert village in 1948 and restored some of Tubac's historic buildings. Students included watercolorist Al Romo and sculptor Bob Brisley. In 1955, artist [[Ross Stefan]] established a studio in the village. In 1961, the Santa Cruz Valley Art Association was formed with 80 members. This group founded the Tubac Festival of the Arts in 1964.<ref>{{cite web| title=Tubac Center of the Arts, History.| url=http://tubacarts.org/about-us/mission-history/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111104734/http://tubacarts.org/about-us/mission-history/| url-status=dead|work=tubacarts.org|archive-date=November 11, 2016|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref> Other significant artists in the Village included [[Sophie and Harwood Steiger]], [[Hal Empie]] and Hugh Cabot.