Editing Tsunami (section)

==Terminology==
===Tsunami===
{{infobox Chinese
|pic=Tsunami (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="Tsunami" in ''[[kanji]]''
|picupright=0.35
|kanji=津波
|hiragana=つなみ
|katakana=ツナミ
|romaji=tsunami
}}
The term "tsunami" is a [[loan word|borrowing]] from the Japanese {{nihongo||津波|tsunami}}, meaning 'harbour wave'. For the plural, one can either follow ordinary English practice and add an ''s'', or use an invariable plural as in the Japanese.<ref>[a. Jap. tsunami, tunami, f. tsu harbour + nami waves.—''Oxford English Dictionary'']</ref> Some English speakers alter the word's initial {{IPAslink|ts}} to an {{IPAslink|s}} by dropping the "t," since English does not natively permit {{IPA|/ts/}} at the beginning of words, though the original Japanese pronunciation is {{IPA|/ts/}}. The term has become commonly accepted in English, although its literal Japanese meaning is not necessarily descriptive of the waves, which do not occur only in harbours.

===Tidal wave===
[[File:Tsunami 2004 aftermath. Aceh, Indonesia, 2005. Photo- AusAID (10730863873).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Tsunami aftermath in [[Aceh]], Indonesia, December 2004]]

Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as ''tidal waves''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tidal%20wave|title=Definition of Tidal Wave|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref> This once-popular term derives from the most common appearance of a tsunami, which is that of an extraordinarily high [[tidal bore]]. Tsunamis and tides both produce waves of water that move inland, but in the case of a tsunami, the inland movement of water may be much greater, giving the impression of an incredibly high and forceful tide. In recent years, the term "tidal wave" has fallen out of favour, especially in the scientific community, because the causes of tsunamis have nothing to do with those of [[tide]]s, which are produced by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun rather than the displacement of water. Although the meanings of "tidal" include "resembling"<ref>"Tidal", The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin Company]]. 11 November 2008.[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tidal Dictionary.reference.com]</ref> or "having the form or character of"<ref>-al. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved November 11, 2008, [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-al Dictionary.reference.com]</ref> tides, use of the term ''tidal wave'' is discouraged by geologists and oceanographers.

A 1969 episode of the TV crime show ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'' entitled "Forty Feet High and It Kills!" used the terms "tsunami" and "tidal wave" interchangeably.<ref>"Forty Feet High and It Kills!"  ''Hawaii Five-O''.  Writ. Robert C. Dennis and [[Edward J. Lakso]].  Dir. Michael O'Herlihy.  CBS, 8 Oct. 1969.  Television.</ref>

===Seismic sea wave===
The term '''''seismic sea wave''''' is also used to refer to the phenomenon because the waves most often are generated by [[seismic]] activity such as earthquakes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weready.org/tsunami/index.php?option=com_glossary&letter=S&id=56|title=Seismic Sea Wave – Tsunami Glossary|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref> Prior to the rise of the use of the term ''tsunami'' in English, scientists generally encouraged the use of the term ''seismic sea wave'' rather than ''tidal wave''. However, like ''tidal wave'', ''seismic sea wave'' is not a completely accurate term, as forces other than earthquakes—including underwater [[landslide]]s, volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, land or ice [[Slump (geology)|slumping]] into the ocean, [[meteorite]] impacts, and the weather when the atmospheric pressure changes very rapidly—can generate such waves by displacing water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/tsumami/tsunami.html|title=tsunamis|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/info/faq.shtml|title=Tsunami Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref>

===Other terms===
The use of the term ''tsunami'' for waves created by landslides entering bodies of water has become internationally widespread in both scientific and popular literature, although such waves are distinct in origin from large waves generated by earthquakes. This distinction sometimes leads to the use of other terms for landslide-generated waves, including '''''landslide-triggered tsunami''''', '''''displacement wave''''', '''''non-seismic wave''''', '''''impact wave''''', and, simply, '''''giant wave'''''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Svennevig|first1=Kristian|last2=Hermanns|first2=Reginald L.|last3=Keiding|first3=Marie|last4=Binder|first4=Daniel|last5=Citterio|first5=Michelle|last6=Dahl-Jensen|first6=Trine|last7=Mertl|first7=Stefan|last8=Sørensen|first8=Erik Vest|last9=Voss|first9=Peter H.|date=23 July 2022|title=A large frozen debris avalanche entraining warming permafrost ground—the June 2021 Assapaat landslide, West Greenland|journal=Landslides|volume=19|issue=11|pages=2549–2567|publisher=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/s10346-022-01922-7|bibcode=2022Lands..19.2549S|doi-access=free|issn=1612-510X}}</ref>

A tsunami which cannot be linked to an earthquake is sometimes termed an "orphan tsunami". This may happen in the case of tsunamis caused in the distant past, before international communications, by earthquakes far away, such as a tsunami in Japan caused by an earthquake in the Americas.<ref>{{citation | last1=Atwater | first1=Brian F. | last2=Musumi-Rokkaku | first2=Satoko | last3=Satake | first3=Kenji | last4=Tsuji | first4=Yoshinobu | last5=Ueda | first5=Kazue | last6=Yamaguchi | first6=David K. | title=The orphan tsunami of 1700—Japanese clues to a parent earthquake in North America | publisher=US Geological Survey | year=2005 | issn=2330-7102 | doi=10.3133/pp1707 | doi-access=free | url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1707/pp1707_miho.pdf}}</ref>