Editing Troyes (section)

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Troyes}}
{{For|the ecclesiastical history|Roman Catholic Diocese of Troyes}}
Prehistoric evidence found in the Troyes area suggests that the settlement may have developed as early as 600 BC. [[Celts|Celtic]] grave-mounds have been found near the city, and Celtic artifacts have been excavated within the city grounds.<ref>"L'énigme de la Tombe Celte" (arte, French): 1 h 13 min 02 sec and following. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2a0w6dQAn0</ref>

In the Roman era, Troyes was known as '''Augustobona Tricassium'''. Numerous highways intersected here, primarily the [[Via Agrippa]], which led north to [[Reims]] and south to [[Langres]], and eventually to [[Milan]].<ref>Traces of the Roman paving have been found {{convert|3|m|2|abbr=on}} below the rue de la Ciré.([http://vieuxtroyes.free.fr/t/balada.htm "Balades dans l'histoire du vieux Troyes"])</ref> Other Roman routes from Troyes led to [[Poitiers]], [[Autun]] and [[Orléans]].<ref>[http://icarus.umkc.edu/sandbox/perseus/pecs/page.516.a.php ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites'']</ref>

It was the ''[[civitas]]'' of the [[Tricasses]] people,<ref>[[Ptolemy]], ''Geography'' 8.13, mentions the Tricasses and their city Augustobona.</ref> whom [[Augustus]] separated from the [[Senones]]. Of the [[Gallo-Roman]] city of the early [[Roman Empire]], some scattered remains have been found, but no public monuments, other than traces of an [[Roman aqueduct| aqueduct]]. By the late Empire the settlement had reduced in extent. It was referred to as '''Tricassium''' or '''Tricassae''', the origin of French {{lang | fr | Troyes}}.

From the fourth century AD, the people had become Christian and the Church made the city the seat of a bishop. The legend of its bishop [[Lupus of Troyes |Lupus (Loup)]], who allegedly saved the city from [[Attila]] in 451 by offering himself as hostage, is [[hagiographic]] rather than historical.<ref>Attwater, Donald. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints'', (1945) Reprint: 1981, p. 223.</ref> A disciple of Saint Lupus, Aventinus (Saint Aventin of Troyes, died 537) founded a monastery at Troyes.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Baudoin
 |first1               = Jacques
 |year                 = 2006
 |title                = Grand livre des saints: culte et iconographie en Occident
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=6Hwa38EjyoAC
 |language             = fr
 |publication-place    = Nonette
 |publisher            = EDITIONS CREER
 |page                 = 112
 |isbn                 = 9782848190419
 |access-date          = 12 November 2023
 |quote                = Saint Aventin de Troyes (Aventinus, 4 février) Ermite natif de Bourges, attiré en Champagne par la réputation de saint Loup de Troyes († 479). Il avait installé à Troyes une communauté monastique. En 525, il racheta de l'esclavage Fidole (saint Phal), à qui il confia son monastère, et il se retira en ermite a l'Isle-au-Mont, ou il mourut en 537.
}} 
</ref> It was several centuries before Troyes gained importance as a medieval centre of commerce.

The [[Battle of the Catalaunian Plains]], also called the Battle of Troyes, took place nearby in 451 AD: the [[Western Roman Empire |Roman]] general [[Flavius Aetius]] and the [[Visigoths| Visigothic]] king [[Theodoric I]] fought against [[Attila]].

The early cathedral occupied the site of the current one. Here [[Louis the Stammerer]] in 878 received the crown of [[West Francia]] from [[Pope John VIII]]. At the end of the ninth century, following depredations of the city by [[Normans]], the [[Count of Champagne |counts of Champagne]] chose Troyes as their capital. It remained the capital of the [[Champagne, France| Province of Champagne]] until the [[French Revolution| Revolution]] of the late eighteenth century. The [[Abbey of Saint-Loup]] developed a renowned library and [[scriptorium]].

During the [[Middle Ages]], Troyes functioned as an important international trading town. It was the namesake of [[troy weight]] for gold - a standard of measurement developed here.<ref>{{cite book|last1= Lloyd|first1= John|last2= Mitchison|first2= John|title= The Second Book of General Ignorance |edition= First|year= 2010|publisher= Faber and Faber Ltd|location= London|isbn= 978-0-571-26965-5|page= 71}}</ref> The [[Champagne fairs| Champagne cloth fairs]] and the revival of long-distance trade, together with new extension of coinage and credit, were the drivers of the medieval economy of Troyes.

In [[1040]], Shlomo Yitzchaki, better known as [[Rashi]], was born in Troyes. The rabbi and philosopher, a prominent commentator on the [[Bible]] and the [[Talmud]], established an influential school of Jewish thought in the city.

In 1285, when [[Philip IV of France| King Philip the Fair]] united Champagne to the [[Crown lands of France| French royal domain]], the town kept a number of its traditional privileges. [[John the Fearless]], Duke of [[Duchy of Burgundy| Burgundy]] and ally of the English during the [[Hundred Years War]], in 1417 worked to have Troyes designated as the capital of France. He came to an understanding with [[Isabeau of Bavaria]], wife of King [[Charles VI of France]], for the establishment at Troyes of a court, council, and [[parlement]] with comptroller's offices.

On 21 May 1420, the [[Treaty of Troyes]] was signed in this city, still under control of the Burgundians, by which King [[Henry V of England]] was betrothed to [[Catherine of Valois| Catherine]], daughter of Charles VI. Under the terms of the treaty, Henry V, rather than the [[Dauphin of France | Dauphin]], was to succeed Charles as King of France. The high-water mark of [[Plantagenet]] hegemony in France was reversed in 1429 when the Dauphin (afterwards [[Charles VII of France| King Charles VII]]) and [[Joan of Arc]] re-established French control of the town of Troyes by [[March to Reims| armed conflict (Siege of Troyes)]].

[[File:Maison Commune - Hôtel de Ville, Troyes 20140509 1.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Troyes|Hôtel de Ville]]]]

The great fire of 1524 destroyed much of the medieval city, although the city had numerous canals separating sections.

During the [[repression of January and February 1894]], the police conducted raids targeting the [[Anarchism|anarchists]] living there, without much success.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Les anarchistes |trans-title=The anarchists |work=La Dépêche |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |date=2 January 1894 |title=Deux mille perquisitions |journal=L'Estafette |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches |trans-title=A general series of raids: negative results |work=L'Éclair}}</ref>