Editing Trondheim (section)

==Names and etymology==
[[File:Flag of Trondheim.svg|thumb|right|The [[flag of Trondheim]] is one of the few Norwegian municipal flags that is not the banner of arms of the municipal [[coat of arms]].]]
{{See also|Names of Trondheim in different languages}}
The city was established in 997 by [[Olav Tryggvason]] and it was originally named {{lang|no|Nidaros}} ({{langx|non|Niðaróss}}). The first element of the name was the local river [[Nidelva|Nid]]. The last element of the name was {{wikt-lang|non|óss}} which meant "the mouth of a river". Thus the name meant "the outlet of the river [[Nidelva|Nid]]". Although the formal name was Nidaros, the city was commonly known as {{wikt-lang|non|kaupangr}}, which means "city" or "marketplace", or more specifically {{lang|non|kaupangr í Þróndheimi}} which means "the city in Trondheim". Trondheim ({{langx|non|Þróndheimr}}) was the historic name for the whole district which is now known as [[Trøndelag]]. This is the area where the people were known as Trønder ({{wikt-lang|non|þróndr}}). This district name Trondheim meant "the home of the Trønder people" (literally "Trønder-home") and Trøndelag ({{langx|non|Þrǿndalǫg}}) originally meant the "law area of the Trønder people" (literally "Trønder-law"). The name of the Trønder people derives from the [[Old Norse]] word {{wikt-lang|non|þróndr}} which is an old present participle of the verb {{wikt-lang|non|þróask}} which means "to grow" or "to thrive".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Þróask |url=https://cleasby-vigfusson-dictionary.vercel.app/word/throask |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Cleasby & Vigfusson Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Peterson |first=Lena |title=Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. Femte, reviderade utgåvan |year=2007 |page=237 |language=no}}</ref>

During the late [[Middle Ages]], the city name was commonly shortened to ''{{lang|non|Þróndheimr}}'', dropping the ''kaupanger'' part, and over time the name became {{lang|da|Trondhjem}}, using the [[Dano-Norwegian]] spelling rather than the [[Old Norse]] spelling since the city was part of the Kingdom of [[Denmark-Norway]] for centuries.

On 21 December 1917, a [[royal decree|royal resolution]] enacted the [[Norwegian language conflict|1917 Norwegian language reforms]]. Around the time, many municipalities and cities had their names changed to "Norwegianize" the spelling and make them look less [[Danish language|Danish]]. On 1 January 1919, the name of the local [[Church of Norway]] diocese was changed from ''{{lang|no|Trondhjem stift}}'' to ''{{lang|no|Nidaros bispedømme}}'' ({{langx|en|[[Diocese of Nidaros]]}}).<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1918 |title=Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1918. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m |url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digitidsskrift_2015110481022_001 |journal=[[Norsk Lovtidend]] |language=no |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri |page=578}}</ref> In 1924, the name of the Norwegian capital city was changed from {{lang|da|Kristiania}} to [[Oslo]], removing the name referencing a Danish King in favor of the very old name Oslo. In 1928, a [[referendum]] in Trondhjem was held on whether to keep the current name or to bring back the original name of ''Nidaros''. The vote resulted in 17,163 votes in favour of {{lang|da|Trondhjem}} and only 1,508 votes in favour of Nidaros.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bratberg |first=Terje T. V. |date=10 January 2008 |title=Striden om bynavnet |work=[[Arbeideravisa]] |location=Trondheim |page=27 |language=no}}</ref> Despite this result, the [[Storting]] voted in 1929 to make some changes. The [[Nidaros Cathedral|Trondhjem Cathedral]] would be changed to [[Nidaros Cathedral]] effective on 1 July 1929<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1929 |title=Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1929. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m |url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digitidsskrift_2015110481051_001 |journal=[[Norsk Lovtidend]] |language=no |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri |page=64}}</ref> and the name of the city would change to ''Nidaros'' starting on 1 January 1930.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1929 |title=Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1929. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m |url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digitidsskrift_2015110481051_001 |journal=[[Norsk Lovtidend]] |language=no |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri |page=181}}</ref> This change caused public outrage and even [[riot]]s during 1930. This forced the [[Storting]] to reconsider this change. On 6 March 1931, the name was formally changed to ''Trondheim'', using the medieval Norwegian spelling instead of the Danish version ''Trondhjem''. The name of the diocese and cathedral, however, continued using the name Nidaros.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1931 |title=Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1931. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m |url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digitidsskrift_2015110481042_001 |journal=[[Norsk Lovtidend]] |language=no |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri |page=54}}</ref>

Trondheim was briefly named ''{{lang|de|Drontheim}}'' during the [[Second World War]] as a [[German exonyms|German exonym]].