Editing Trinity College, Cambridge (section)

==History==
[[File:Cambridge 1575 colour Trinity College.jpg|thumb|left|1575 map showing the [[King's Hall, Cambridge|King's Hall]] (top left) and [[Michaelhouse, Cambridge|Michaelhouse]] (top right) buildings before [[Thomas Nevile]]'s reconstruction.]]

===Foundation===
The college was founded by [[Henry VIII]] in 1546, from the merger of two existing colleges: [[Michaelhouse, Cambridge|Michaelhouse]] (founded by [[Hervey de Stanton]] in 1324), and [[King's Hall, Cambridge|King's Hall]] (established by [[Edward II]] in 1317 and refounded by [[Edward III]] in 1337). At the time, Henry had been seizing (Catholic) church lands from abbeys and monasteries. The universities of [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], being both religious institutions and quite rich, expected to be next in line. The King duly passed an [[Act of Parliament]] that allowed him to suppress (and confiscate the property of) any college he wished. The universities used their contacts to plead with his sixth wife, [[Catherine Parr]]. The Queen persuaded her husband not to close them down, but to create a new college. The king did not want to use royal funds, so he instead combined two colleges ([[King's Hall, Cambridge|King's Hall]] and [[Michaelhouse, Cambridge|Michaelhouse]]) and seven hostels to form Trinity.

===Nevile's expansion===
[[File:Trinity College Cambridge 1690.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[David Loggan]]'s print of 1690 showing Nevile's Great Court (foreground) and Nevile's Court with the then-new [[Wren Library]] (background) – New Court had yet to be built.]]

The monastic lands granted by [[Henry VIII]] were not on their own sufficient to ensure Trinity's eventual rise. In terms of architecture and royal association, it was not until the Mastership of Thomas Nevile (1593–1615) that Trinity assumed both its spaciousness and its association with the governing class that distinguished it since the Civil War. In its infancy Trinity had owed a great deal to its neighbouring college of [[St John's College, Cambridge|St John's]]: in the words of [[Roger Ascham]], Trinity was a ''colonia deducta''.<ref name="british-history1">{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66656#s20 |title=The colleges and halls – Trinity College &#124; British History Online |publisher=British-history.ac.uk |access-date=25 March 2010 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526040047/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66656#s20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Most of Trinity's major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. [[Thomas Nevile]], who became Master of Trinity in 1593, rebuilt and redesigned much of the college. This work included the enlargement and completion of [[Trinity Great Court|Great Court]] and the construction of [[Nevile's Court, Trinity College, Cambridge|Nevile's Court]] between Great Court and the [[river Cam]]. Nevile's Court was completed in the late 17th century with the [[Wren Library]], designed by [[Christopher Wren]]. Nevile's building campaign drove the college into debt from which it surfaced only in the 1640s, and the Mastership of [[Richard Bentley]] adversely affected applications and finances.<ref name="british-history1"/> Bentley himself was notorious for the construction of a hugely expensive staircase in the Master's Lodge and for his repeated refusals to step down despite pleas from the Fellows. Besides, despite not being a sister college of [[Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College]] in Dublin, as is the case with [[St John's College, Cambridge|Saint John's College]], Cambridge, it is believed that the Irish institution takes its name from this college, which was the ''alma mater'' of its first provost, [[Adam Loftus (bishop)|Adam Loftus]] and, likewise, from the Oxford [[Trinity College, Oxford|college]] of the same name.

===Modern day===
[[File:Cambridge Science Park rear entrance.jpg|thumb|Trinity established Cambridge Science Park, the UK's first science park, in 1970.]]
[[File:cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Remembrance_Service_2018.jpg|thumb|upright|Remembrance Service at the Great Court in 2018.]]
In the 20th century, Trinity College, St John's College and [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]] were for decades the main recruiting grounds for the [[Cambridge Apostles]], an elite, intellectual secret society. In 2011, the [[John Templeton Foundation]] awarded Trinity College's Master, the astrophysicist [[Martin Rees]], its controversial million-pound<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/apr/06/martin-rees-templeton-prize|title=Martin Rees wins controversial £1m prize|newspaper=The Guardian|date=6 April 2011|access-date=29 February 2012|first=Ian|last=Sample|archive-date=30 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930041826/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/apr/06/martin-rees-templeton-prize|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Templeton Prize]], for "affirming life's spiritual dimension". Trinity is the richest [[Oxbridge]] college with a landholding alone worth £800&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/may/28/oxford-and-cambridge-university-colleges-hold-21bn-in-riches|title = Oxford and Cambridge university colleges hold £21bn in riches|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 28 May 2018|access-date = 20 May 2019|archive-date = 30 October 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211030012504/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/may/28/oxford-and-cambridge-university-colleges-hold-21bn-in-riches|url-status = live}}</ref> For comparison, the second richest college in Cambridge ([[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]]) has estimated assets of around £780&nbsp;million, and the richest college in Oxford ([[Magdalen College, Oxford|Magdelen]]) has about £940&nbsp;million.<ref name="Ruddick">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9046781/Cambridges-Trinity-College-buys-50pc-stake-in-Tesco-stores.html|title=Cambridge's Trinity College buys 50pc stake in Tesco stores|date=28 January 2012|access-date=29 February 2012|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|first=Graham|last=Ruddick|archive-date=6 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206160759/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9046781/Cambridges-Trinity-College-buys-50pc-stake-in-Tesco-stores.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2005, Trinity's annual rental income from its properties was reported to be in excess of £20&nbsp;million. The college owns:
* 3400 acres (14&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) housing facilities at the [[Port of Felixstowe]], Britain's busiest container port.
* the [[Cambridge Science Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukspa.org.uk/science_parks/content/1059/cambridge_science_park|title=Cambridge Science Park|date=November 2006|access-date=29 February 2012|publisher=UK Science Parks Association|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130154419/http://www.ukspa.org.uk/science_parks/content/1059/cambridge_science_park|archive-date=30 January 2012}}</ref>
* the [[The O2 Arena (London)|O2 Arena]] in London (formerly the [[Millennium Dome]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/constructionandproperty/6280090/Trinity-College-buys-O2-concert-arena.html|title=Trinity College buys O2 concert arena|date=9 October 2009|access-date=29 February 2012|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|archive-date=12 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012085941/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/constructionandproperty/6280090/Trinity-College-buys-O2-concert-arena.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, Trinity revealed that it had investments totalling £9.1 million in companies involved in oil and gas production, exploration and refinement. These included holdings of £1.2 million in Royal Dutch Shell, £1.7 million in Exxon Mobil and £1 million in Chevron.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/16518|title=Big Oil and deep sea drilling: The corporations underpinning Cambridge colleges' investments|website=Varsity Online|language=en|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528083455/https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/16518|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Trinity confirmed its plan to withdraw from the [[Universities Superannuation Scheme]] (USS), the main pre-1992 UK University pension provider.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/about/college-notices/trinity-college-and-uss/|title=Trinity College and USS – Trinity College Cambridge|language=en-US|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526090303/https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/about/college-notices/trinity-college-and-uss/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, more than 500 Cambridge academics signed an open letter undertaking to "refuse to supervise Trinity students or to engage in other discretionary work in support of Trinity's teaching and research activities".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EHwkVrK5MAPsDfYOX3qlbRs6uaywPG88OLFAbn0zMwA/edit?usp=embed_facebook|title=An open letter to the Council and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge|website=Google Docs|language=en|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=1 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501050729/https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EHwkVrK5MAPsDfYOX3qlbRs6uaywPG88OLFAbn0zMwA/edit?usp=embed_facebook|url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 February 2020, protestors from the campaign group [[Extinction Rebellion]] dug up the front lawn of Trinity College to protest against the College's investments in fossil fuels and its negotiations to sell off a farm in Suffolk that was to be turned into a lorry park.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-51534446|title = Cambridge's Trinity College lawn dug up by Extinction Rebellion|work = BBC News|date = 17 February 2020|access-date = 20 February 2020|archive-date = 19 February 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200219232438/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-51534446|url-status = live}}</ref>

===Legends===
[[Lord Byron]] purportedly kept a pet bear whilst living in the college.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationalbyronsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=7 |title=University |publisher=International Byron Society |access-date=25 March 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726181932/http://www.internationalbyronsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=7 |archive-date=26 July 2011  }}</ref> Trinity is also often cited as the inventor of an English version of [[crème brûlée]], known as "Trinity burnt cream".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefoody.com/pudding/burntcream.html|title=Cambridge Trinity Burnt Cream|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114110606/http://thefoody.com/pudding/burntcream.html|archive-date=14 January 2010|publisher=thefoody.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TRINITY BURNT CREAM |url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/about/historical-overview/trinity-burnt-cream/ |publisher=Trinity College, Cambridge |access-date=17 February 2020 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302173304/https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/about/historical-overview/trinity-burnt-cream/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Trinity in Camberwell===
Trinity College has a long-standing relationship with the Parish of St George's, [[Camberwell]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dswark.org/parishes/051l.htm|title=Diocese of Southwark:Parishes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040904051226/http://www.dswark.org/parishes/051l.htm|archive-date=4 September 2004|publisher=Diocese of Southwark}}</ref> in South London. Students from the College have helped to run holiday schemes for children from the parish since 1966. The relationship was formalised in 1979 with the establishment of '''Trinity in Camberwell''' as a registered charity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/ |title=Charity Commission Homepage |publisher=Charity-commission.gov.uk |date=21 May 2007 |access-date=25 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402222408/http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/ |archive-date=2 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>