Editing Transport in Turkey (section)

==Rail transport==
===Rail network===
{{Main|Rail transport in Turkey|History of rail transport in Turkey|High-speed rail in Turkey}}
[[File:TCDD Network Map 2023.svg|thumb|left|Rail transport map of Turkey along with urban rail networks indication|250px]]
[[File:Rasimpaşa,_Haydarpaşa_İskelesi,_Haydarpaşa_Gar_Binası_Yanı,_34716_Kadıköy-İstanbul,_Turkey_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Haydarpaşa railway station]] built in 1909 by the Anatolian Railway (CFOA) as the western terminus of the Baghdad and Hedjaz railways, has become a symbol of Istanbul and Turkey and is famous throughout the Middle East.]]
[[File:HT80101.jpg|thumb|250px|[[TCDD HT80000]] ([[Siemens Velaro#Velaro TR (TCDD HT80000)|Siemens Velaro TR]]) has a maximum operating speed of {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=SiemensPDF>{{cite web|url=https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:0e1ccf29-d0bf-468e-a9c6-2722aea68261/datasheet-velaro-tr-e.pdf|title=Velaro Turkey: High-Speed Train for TCDD|publisher=[[Siemens Mobility]]|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name="SiemensVelaroTR">{{cite web|url=https://press.siemens.com/global/en/feature/velaro-turkey-high-speed-train|title=Velaro Turkey High-Speed Train|publisher=[[Siemens Mobility]]|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>]]

The [[Turkish State Railways|TCDD – Türkiye Devlet Demir Yolları (Turkish State Railways)]] possess 13,919&nbsp;km of {{RailGauge|sg}} gauge, of which 7,142&nbsp;km are electrified (2024).<ref>https://adminapi.tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr/files/pdfs/TCDD-Tasimacilik-2023-istatistikleri.pdf</ref>
There are daily regular passenger trains all through the network.<ref>Uysal, Onur. [http://railturkey.org/2014/03/05/traveling-by-train-in-turkey/ "Traveling by Train in Turkey"], ''Rail Turkey'', 5 Mar 2014</ref> TCDD has started an investment program of building 5.000&nbsp;km high-speed lines until 2023. Multiple high speed train routes are running, including: [[Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway|Ankara-Eskişehir-İstanbul]], [[Ankara-Konya high-speed railway|Ankara-Konya]] and [[Ankara–Sivas high-speed railway|Ankara-Sivas]] lines.

The freight transportation is mainly organized as block trains for domestic routes, since TCDD discourages under 200 to loads by surcharges.

===Urban rail===
[[File:Kayseray.JPG|thumb|Trams in [[Kayseri]]]]
After almost 30 years without any trams, [[Turkey]] is experiencing a revival in trams. Established in 1992, the tram system of [[Istanbul]] earned the best large-scale tram management award in 2005.  Another award-winning tram network belongs to [[Eskişehir]] ([[EsTram]]) where a modern tram system opened in 2004. Several other cities are planning or constructing tram lines, with modern low-flow trams.

By 2014, there have been 12 cities in Turkey using railroads for transportation.

* Cities with [[commuter rail]] systems: [[Istanbul]], [[Ankara]], [[İzmir]], [[Sakarya Province|Sakarya]], [[Gaziantep]]
* Cities with [[Rapid transit|metro]] systems: [[Istanbul]], [[Ankara]], [[İzmir]], [[Bursa]], [[Adana]]
* Cities with [[light rail|light rail transit]] systems: [[Istanbul]], [[Ankara]], [[İzmir]], [[Adana]], [[Bursa]], [[Eskişehir]], [[Konya]], [[Antalya]], [[Kayseri]], [[Gaziantep]], [[Samsun]], [[İzmit|Kocaeli]].

===Railway links with adjacent countries===
* {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Transportation in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] – via [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] – under construction
* {{flagicon|ARM}} [[Transportation in Armenia|Armenia]] – closed (see [[Kars Gyumri Akhalkalaki railway line]])<ref>[[Railway Gazette International]] – January 2008 p51</ref>
* {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Transportation in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] – open – {{RailGauge|sg}}
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Transport in Georgia (country)|Georgia]] – under reconstruction – [[break-of-gauge]] {{RailGauge|sg}}/{{RailGauge|1520mm}}.
* {{flagicon|GRC}} [[Transportation in Greece|Greece]] – open – {{RailGauge|sg}} (Note: Passenger services as Express of Friendship/Filia suspended from 13 February 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/home/detail/?id=233 |title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları |access-date=6 June 2012 |archive-date=7 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507025911/http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/home/detail/?id=233 |url-status=dead }}</ref>)
* {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Transportation in Iran|Iran]] – via [[Lake Van]] [[train ferry]] – same gauge
* {{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Transportation in Iraq|Iraq]] – No direct link, traffic routed via Syria – same gauge
* {{flagicon|SYR}} [[Transportation in Syria|Syria]] – closed (plans to reopen it is on the agenda{{Cn|date=January 2025}})– {{RailGauge|sg}} (Note: It was suspended after breakout of [[Syrian Civil War]] in 29 August 2011)