Editing Transport in Cambodia (section)

==Road transport==
[[File:Bottles of gasoline Bbang.jpg|thumb|300px|Bottled gasoline on sale, [[Battambang Province|Battambang]]]]

=== Highway network ===
* Total - 38,257&nbsp;km (2004)
** Paved - 2,406&nbsp;km (2004)
** Unpaved - 35,851&nbsp;km (2004)

Of the current total roadway network, only about 50% of the [[road]]s and [[highway]]s are hard surfaced, all-weather, and in good condition. About 50% of the roads were constructed of crushed stone, [[gravel]], or compacted earth. Secondary roads are of unimproved earth or were little more than tracks. In 1981 [[Cambodia]] opened a newly repaired section of National Route 1 which runs southeast from [[Phnom Penh]] to the Vietnamese border. The road, which suffered damage during the war years, was restored most probably by Vietnamese army engineers.

In the late-1980s, Cambodia's road network was both underutilized and unable to meet even the modest demands placed upon it by a preindustrial [[agrarian society]]. Commercial vehicles, such as trucks and [[bus]]es, were insufficient in number and lacked the [[Auto part|spare parts]] necessary to keep them running. Road construction and maintenance were ignored by a financially hard-pressed governments, while [[Insurgency|insurgent]]s regularly destroyed [[bridge]]s and rendered some routes unsafe for travel.

Cambodia is upgrading the main highways to international standards and most are vastly improved from 2006. Most main roads are now paved. And now road construction is on going from the [[Thailand]] border at [[Poipet]] to [[Siem Reap]] ([[Angkor Wat]]). Funded by over $3 billion of [[China|Chinese]] loans, Chinese companies have built {{Convert|3000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of roads as well as several major bridges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 3,000km of roads funded by China loans, says minister|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/over-3000km-of-roads-funded-by-china-loans-says-minister|access-date=2020-12-11|website=Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd|language=en}}</ref>

An [[Expressways of Cambodia|expressway network]] is being developed, the 190km Phnom Penh-Sikhanoukville expressway (E4) opened in October 2022, the construction to [[Bavet municipality|Bavet]] started in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=David |date=2023-04-26 |title=Cambodia plans motorway from Phnom Penh to Vietnam |url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/cambodia-plans-motorway-from-phnom-penh-to-vietnam/ |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Global Construction Review |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Chart of 01/2014

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! National Highway !! Code !!colspan="2"| Approx length !! Origin !! Terminus
|-
|'''[[National Highway 1 (Cambodia)|National Highway 1]]''' || 10001|| {{convert|167.10|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Phnom Penh]] || [[Bavet]] - [[Vietnam]] Border
|-
| '''[[National Highway 2 (Cambodia)|National Highway 2]]''' ||10002|| {{convert|120.60|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Phnom Penh]] || [[Phnom Den]] - [[Vietnam]] Border
|-
| '''[[National Highway 3 (Cambodia)|National Highway 3]]''' ||10003||{{convert|202.00|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Phnom Penh]] || [[Kampot (city)|Kampot]] - [[Veal Renh]] ([[National Highway 4 (Cambodia)|NH4]])
|-
| '''[[National Highway 4 (Cambodia)|National Highway 4]]''' ||10004||{{convert|226.00|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Phnom Penh]] || [[Sihanoukville (city)|Sihanoukville]]
|-
| '''[[National Highway 5 (Cambodia)|National Highway 5]]''' ||10005||{{convert|341.00|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Phnom Penh]] || [[Battambang]] - [[Poipet]] - [[Thailand|Thai]] Border
|-
| '''[[National Highway 6 (Cambodia)|National Highway 6A]]''' ||10006A||{{convert|76.00|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Phnom Penh]] || [[Skuon]]
|-
| '''[[National Highway 6 (Cambodia)|National Highway 6]]''' ||10006||{{convert|416.00|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Skuon]] || [[Siem Reap]] - [[Sisophon]] ([[National Highway 5 (Cambodia)|NH5]])
|-
| '''[[National Highway 7 (Cambodia)|National Highway 7]]''' ||10007 ||{{convert|509.17|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Skuon]] || [[Stung Treng]] - [[Laos]] Border
|-
| '''[[National Highway 8 (Cambodia)|National Highway 8]]''' ||10008 || {{convert|105.00|km|mi|2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[National Highway 6 (Cambodia)|NH6A]] - [[Prek Tamak Bridge]] || to [[National Highway 7 (Cambodia)|NH7]] near the [[Vietnam]] Border.
|}

=== Other transport ===
Motorcycles are by far the most common transport medium in Cambodia. "Cyclo" (as hand-me-down French) or [[cycle rickshaw]]s were popular in the 1990s but are increasingly replaced by ''remorques'' (carriages attached to motorcycles) and rickshaws imported from India. Cyclos are unique to Cambodia in that the cyclist sits behind the passenger(s) seat, as opposed to cycle rickshaws in neighbouring countries where the cyclist is at the front and pulls the carriage. With 78% mobile phone penetration rate, ride-hailing apps have become popular in recent years. The first locally owned ride-hailing app, ExNet taxi app, was launched in 2016, after which another locally developed PassApp taxi was also introduced.<ref>Spiess, R. (2018). Local ride-hailing apps stay on course. Retrieved from https://www.phnompenhpost.com/supplements-special-reports/local-ride-hailing-apps-stay-course</ref> 

The ExNet and PassApp use the same technology and architect for their application, except that ExNet is a taxi-based ride-hailing service while PassApp is more of rickshaw-based one. [[Uber]] and [[Grab (company)|Grab]] joined the market in 2017. The entry and later merger of Uber and Grab did not negatively affect the local apps as the locals have the first-mover advantage and could secure a large number of patrons. As of today, PassApp is seen as an able competitor for the Singapore-based Grab in the Cambodian transport market. Thai Duong Bus Cambodia

Aside from the private-hire vehicles and ride-hailing service, public transport is also available but only in the capital. Phnom Penh city bus service started in 2015 with only three routes under the assistance of JICA.<ref>Baker, J. L. K., Natsuko; Lin, Sarah Xinyuan; Johnson, Erik Caldwell; Yin, Soriya; Ou, Narya;. (2017). ''Urban Development in Phnom Penh''. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/286991511862455372/Urban-development-in-Phnom-Penh</ref> Today, Phnom Penh City Bus operates 13 routes.