Editing Transport for London (section)

==History==
{{See also|History of public transport authorities in London}}
[[File:TfL mark.svg|thumb|200px|Logo prior to 2013]]
London's transportation system was unified in 1933, with the creation of the London Passenger Transport Board, which was [[History of public transport authorities in London|succeeded]] by London Transport Executive, London Transport Board, London Transport Executive (GLC), and London Regional Transport. From 1933 until 2000, these bodies used the [[London Transport (brand)|London Transport]] brand.<ref name="Bates">{{cite news |date = 25 June 2009 |title = Sir Malcolm Bates: industrialist |newspaper = [[The Times]] |url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6571164.ece |url-status = dead |access-date = 14 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100523093214/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6571164.ece |archive-date = 23 May 2010}}</ref>

Transport for London was created in 2000 as part of the [[Greater London Authority]] (GLA) by the [[Greater London Authority Act 1999]].<ref name="TfLFramework">{{cite web |url = http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/2881.aspx |title = Legislative framework |access-date = 6 September 2008 |publisher = Transport for London |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120123023657/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/2881.aspx |archive-date = 23 January 2012 }}</ref> The first Commissioner of TfL was [[Bob Kiley]].<ref name="sack">{{cite news |title = Kiley hits out over sacking |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1443576.stm|date=17 July 2001|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=14 July 2010}}</ref> The first chair was then-[[Mayor of London]] [[Ken Livingstone]], and the first deputy chair was Dave Wetzel. Livingstone and Wetzel remained in office until the election of [[Boris Johnson]] as Mayor in 2008. Johnson took over as chairman, and in February 2009 fellow-Conservative [[Daniel Moylan]] was appointed as his deputy.

[[Transport for London Corporate Archives]] holds business records for TfL and its predecessor bodies and transport companies. Some early records are also held on behalf of TfL Corporate Archives at the [[London Metropolitan Archives]].

On 17 February 2003, the [[London congestion charge]] was introduced, covering the approximate area of the [[London Inner Ring Road]].<ref name="What it is">{{cite news |title=Congestion Charging: in London – What it is |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/03/congestion_charge/exemptions_guide/html/what.stm |publisher=BBC News |year=2003 |access-date=26 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412122132/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/03/congestion_charge/exemptions_guide/html/what.stm |archive-date=12 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The congestion charge had been a manifesto promise by Ken Livingstone during the [[2000 London mayoral election|2000 London Mayoral election]].<ref name="guardian20060807">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2000/apr/20/londonmayor.politics |title=Blair accuses Livingstone of £5 car toll |work=The Guardian |date=7 August 2006 |access-date=26 May 2007 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418183308/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2000/apr/20/londonmayor.politics |archive-date=18 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was introduced to reduce congestion in the centre of the capital as well as to make London more attractive to business investment; the resulting revenue was to be invested in London's transport system.<ref name="tflprereport">{{cite web |title=Report to the Mayor of London |work=The Greater London (Central Zone): Congestion Charging Order 2001 |date=February 2002 |publisher=Transport for London |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/Report_to_the_MayorcChapters_1-16.pdf |access-date=24 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228180825/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/Report_to_the_MayorcChapters_1-16.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 28 February 2008}}</ref> At the time of its implementation, the scheme was the largest ever undertaken by a capital city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2770721.stm |title=Smooth start for congestion charge |work=BBC News |date=18 February 2003 |access-date=26 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418184038/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2770721.stm |archive-date=18 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

During 2003, TfL took over responsibility for the London Underground, after terms for a controversial [[public-private partnership]] (PPP) maintenance contract had been agreed.<ref>{{Cite news |date = 15 July 2003 |title = Mayor takes control of Tube |work = BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3066159.stm |access-date = 7 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 15 July 2003 |title = The London Regional Transport (Dissolution) Order 2003 |url = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1913/made |access-date = 7 June 2023 |website = Legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> While the Underground trains themselves were operated by the public sector, the infrastructure (track, trains, tunnels, signals, and stations) were to be leased to private firms for 30 years, during which these companies would implement various improvements.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date = 16 December 2000 |title = New blow to Tube sell-off plan |language = en-GB |work = [[BBC News]] |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1072193.stm |access-date = 7 March 2021}}</ref> The two consortiums awarded contracts were [[Tube Lines]] and [[Metronet (British infrastructure company)|Metronet]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last = Kiley |first = Bob |date = 12 October 2001 |title = Bob Kiley: Trouble down the line |url = http://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/oct/12/ppp |access-date = 7 March 2021 |work = The Guardian |language = en-gb}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date = 17 November 2006 |title = Metronet shareholders face £750m bill for London Underground failures |url = http://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/nov/17/transportintheuk.travelnews |access-date = 7 March 2021 |work = The Guardian |language = en-gb}}</ref> In July 2007, following financial difficulties, Metronet was placed in [[Administration (law)|administration]] and its responsibilities were transferred back into public ownership under TfL in May 2008.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date = 18 July 2007 |title = Metronet calls in administrators |language = en-GB |publisher = [[BBC News]] |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6903977.stm |access-date = 7 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last = Wright |first = Robert |date = 1 April 2008 |title = Metronet resolves contract dispute |url = https://www.ft.com/content/a1e9f7ec-001a-11dd-825a-000077b07658 |access-date = 7 March 2020 |website = [[Financial Times]]}}</ref> During 2009, Tube Lines, having encountered a funding shortfall for its upgrades, was denied a request to TfL for an additional £1.75{{nbsp}}billion; the matter was instead referred to the PPP [[arbitration|arbiter]], who stated that £400{{nbsp}}million should be provided.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8417776.stm |title = Mayor wants government Tube money |date = 7 December 2009 |access-date = 10 May 2010 |work = BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 18 December 2009 |title = London Underground's PPP overhaul deal edges nearer collapse after funding verdict |url = http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/dec/18/london-underground-ppp-overhaul-deal |access-date = 8 March 2021 |work = The Guardian |language = en-gb}}</ref> On 7 May 2010, Transport for London agreed to buy out [[Bechtel]] and [[Amey plc|Amey]] ([[Ferrovial]]), the shareholders of Tube Lines for £310{{nbsp}}million, formally ending the PPP.<ref name="takeover">{{cite news |date = 8 May 2010 |title = Tube maintenance back 'in house' as new deal is signed |work = BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8669823.stm |access-date = 10 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 7 May 2010 |title = Amey sells its stake in Tube Lines to Transport for London (TfL) and agrees to continue with the maintenance service |url = https://newsroom.ferrovial.com/en/press_releases/amey-sells-its-stake-tube-lines-to-transport-london-tfl-agrees-to-continue-with-the-maintenance-service/ |access-date = 8 March 2021 |website = [[Ferrovial]]}}</ref>

TfL was heavily impacted by [[7 July 2005 London bombings|multiple bombings on the underground and bus systems]] on 7 July 2005. Numerous TfL staff were recognised in the [[New Year Honours 2006|2006 New Year honours list]] for the actions taken on that day, including aiding survivors, removing bodies, and restoring the transport system so that millions of commuters were able to depart London at the end of the workday.{{efn|Those mentioned include [[Peter Hendy]], who was at the time Head of Surface Transport division, and Tim O'Toole, head of the Underground division, who were both awarded [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]s.<ref name=times20060216>{{cite news |url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article731315.ece |date = 16 February 2006 |title = It was all just part of the job, say honoured 7/7 heroes |first = Alan |last = Hamilton |journal = The Times |access-date = 22 May 2011 |archive-date = 23 November 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081123011214/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article731315.ece |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=bbc20060215>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4712402.stm |title = Queen hails brave 7 July workers |date = 15 February 2006 |work = BBC News |access-date = 22 May 2011 |archive-date = 5 June 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070605092125/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4712402.stm |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=tfl20070102>{{cite web |url = http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3347.html |access-date = 22 May 2011 |publisher = Transport for London |date = 2 January 2007 |title = Two TfL July 7 heroes honoured in New Years List |archive-date = 25 April 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120425190007/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3347.html |url-status = live }}</ref> Others included David Boyce, Station Supervisor, London Underground ([[Order of the British Empire|MBE]]);<ref name=times20060216/> John Boyle, Train Operator, London Underground (MBE);<ref name=times20060216/> Peter Sanders, Group Station Manager, London Underground (MBE);<ref name=times20060216/> Alan Dell, Network Liaison Manager, London Buses (MBE)<ref name=times20060216/> and John Gardner, Events Planning Manager (MBE).<ref name=tfl20070102/>}} The incident was heavily scrutinised, leading to various long term changes being proposed by groups such as [[London Assembly]], including the accelerated implementation of underground radio connectivity.<ref name="REGISTER" />

On 20 February 2006, the DfT announced that TfL would take over management of services then provided by [[Silverlink|Silverlink Metro]].<ref name="hansard2006">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/vo060214/wmstext/60214m11.htm#60214m11.html_spmin1|title=Silverlink Metro|last=Darling|first=Alistair|date=14 February 2006|publisher=Hansard|access-date=25 August 2008|archive-date=30 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930183119/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/vo060214/wmstext/60214m11.htm#60214m11.html_spmin1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2006/june/four-bidders-on-tfl-london-rail-concession-shortlist|title=Four bidders on TfL London Rail Concession shortlist|date=7 June 2006|work=Transport for London|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129213910/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2006/june/four-bidders-on-tfl-london-rail-concession-shortlist|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TfL">{{Cite press release |title= Introducing London Overground – a new era for London Rail |publisher= Transport for London |date= 5 September 2006 |url= https://tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3489.html |access-date= 27 July 2017 |url-status= bot: unknown |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131105185140/https://tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3489.html |archive-date= 5 November 2013 |df= dmy-all }} (via archive.org).</ref> On 5 September 2006, the [[London Overground]] branding was announced, and it was confirmed that the extended [[East London line]] would be included.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/5316358.stm|title=London Overground plans unveiled|date=5 September 2006|work=BBC News|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=1 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201011101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/5316358.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 November 2007, TfL took over the [[North London Railway]] routes from Silverlink Metro. At the launch, TfL undertook to revamp the routes by improving service frequencies and station facilities, staffing all stations, introducing new rolling stock and allowing [[Oyster card (pay as you go) on National Rail|Oyster pay as you go]] throughout the network from the outset.<ref name="buildingLO">{{cite web |url = http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/creating-london-overground.pdf |title = Creating London Overground |access-date =11 November 2007 |publisher=Transport for London |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080409100949/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/creating-london-overground.pdf | archive-date = 9 April 2008 |year= 2007|format=leaflet}}</ref> This launch was accompanied by a marketing campaign entitled "London's new train set", with posters and leaflets carrying an image of [[Rail transport modelling|model railway]] packaging containing new Overground trains, tracks and staff.<ref name="trainset">{{cite web |url = http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/guide-to-london-overground.pdf |title = London's new train set |access-date =11 November 2007 |publisher=Transport for London|date= January 2008 |format=leaflet | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110604232129/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/guide-to-london-overground.pdf |url-status = dead | archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref>

On 1 June 2008, the drinking of alcoholic beverages was banned on Tube and London Overground trains, buses, trams, [[Docklands Light Railway]] and all stations operated by TfL across London but not those operated by other rail companies.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://metro.co.uk/2008/06/01/revellers-farewell-to-tube-alcohol-160898/ |title = Revellers' farewell to Tube alcohol |access-date = 10 August 2013 |date = 1 June 2008 |publisher = Metro |archive-date = 5 November 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105224654/http://metro.co.uk/2008/06/01/revellers-farewell-to-tube-alcohol-160898/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7387113.stm |title = Johnson bans drink on transport |access-date = 6 September 2008 |date = 7 May 2008 |work = BBC News |archive-date = 10 May 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510165533/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7387113.stm |url-status = live}}</ref> Carrying open containers of alcohol was also banned on public transport operated by TfL. The then-Mayor of London [[Boris Johnson]] and TfL announced the ban with the intention of providing a safer and more pleasant experience for passengers. There were "Last Round on the Underground" parties on the night before the ban came into force. Passengers refusing to observe the ban may be refused travel and asked to leave the premises. The GLA reported in 2011 that assaults on London Underground staff had fallen by 15% since the introduction of the ban.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.london.gov.uk/media/mayor-press-releases/2011/05/londoners-continue-to-back-mayors-booze-ban |title = Londoners continue to back Mayor's booze ban |date = 5 May 2011 |publisher = Greater London Authority |access-date = 10 August 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140112214129/http://www.london.gov.uk/media/mayor-press-releases/2011/05/londoners-continue-to-back-mayors-booze-ban |archive-date = 12 January 2014}}</ref>

Between 2008 and 2022, TfL was engaged in the [[Crossrail]] programme to construct a new high-frequency hybrid [[Urban rail|urban]]–[[suburban rail]] service across [[London]] and into its suburbs.<ref name="construction2009">{{Cite news |last1 = Gerrard |first1 = Neil |date = 15 May 2009 |title = Work officially starts on Crossrail |work = Contract Journal |url = http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2009/05/15/67882/work-officially-starts-on-crossrail-photos.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090517055909/http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2009/05/15/67882/work-officially-starts-on-crossrail-photos.html |archive-date = 17 May 2009}}</ref> [[TfL Rail]] took over [[Heathrow Connect|Heathrow Connect services]] from Paddington to [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow]] in May 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title = TfL takes over Heathrow Connect services in Elizabeth line milestone |url = http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/rail-news/tfl-takes-over-heathrow-connect-services-in-elizabeth-line-milestone- |website = railtechnologymagazine.com |access-date = 24 May 2018 |archive-date = 24 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180524151931/http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/rail-news/tfl-takes-over-heathrow-connect-services-in-elizabeth-line-milestone- |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="tflreadinessreport2017">{{cite web |date = 12 December 2017 |title = Elizabeth Line Operational Readiness and Integration |url = http://content.tfl.gov.uk/pic-20171212-item13-elizabeth-line.pdf |access-date = 7 January 2020 |publisher = Transport for London}}</ref> In August 2018, four months before the scheduled opening of the core section of the [[Elizabeth Line]], it was announced that completion had been delayed and that the line would not open before autumn 2019.<ref name="bbcnews-310818">{{cite news |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-45367990 |title = Crossrail to miss December opening date |date = 31 August 2018 |work = BBC News |access-date = 14 September 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180914135030/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-45367990 |archive-date = 14 September 2018}}</ref> Further postponements ensued.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |title = Crossrail needs extra £450m and delayed until 2022 |work = BBC News |date = 21 August 2020 |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-53847738 |access-date = 21 August 2020 |language = en-gb |archive-date = 15 May 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220515165333/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-53847738 |url-status = live}}</ref> Having an initial budget of £14.8{{nbsp}}billion, the total cost of Crossrail rose to £18.25{{nbsp}}billion by November 2019,<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite news |last1 = Farrell |first1 = Sean |last2 = Topham |first2 = Gwyn |date = 8 November 2019 |title = Crossrail faces further delays and will cost more than £18bn |work = The Guardian |location = London |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/08/crossrail-faces-further-delays-and-will-cost-more-than-18bn-tfl |access-date = 7 January 2020 }}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite news |date = 8 November 2019 |title = Crossrail delayed until 2021 as costs increase |work = BBC News |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50345344 |access-date = 7 January 2020}}</ref> and increased further to £18.8{{nbsp}}billion by December 2020.<ref name="fundingpage">{{cite web |title = Funding |url = https://www.crossrail.co.uk/about-us/funding |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130516065015/http://www.crossrail.co.uk/about-us/funding |url-status = dead |archive-date = 16 May 2013 |access-date = 12 May 2022 |publisher = Crossrail Ltd}}</ref> On 17 May 2022, the line was officially opened by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in honour of her [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Platinum Jubilee]].<ref>{{Cite news |last = Ward |first = Victoria |date = 17 May 2022 |title = 'One ticket for the Elizabeth line please': Queen opens Crossrail and gets an Oyster card |language = en-GB |work = The Telegraph |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/05/17/queen-smiles-officially-opens-londons-elizabeth-line/ |access-date = 17 May 2022 |issn = 0307-1235 |archive-date = 28 May 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220528135514/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/05/17/queen-smiles-officially-opens-londons-elizabeth-line/ |url-status = live |url-access = subscription}}</ref>

TfL commissioned a survey in 2013 which showed that 15% of women using public transport in London had been the subject of some form of unwanted sexual behaviour but that 90% of incidents were not reported to the police. In an effort to reduce sexual offences and increase reporting, TfL—in conjunction with the [[British Transport Police]], Metropolitan Police Service, and [[City of London Police]]—launched [[Project Guardian]].<ref name="gruniad II">{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/the-womens-blog-with-jane-martinson/2013/oct/01/project-guardian-public-transport-safer-women |title = Project Guardian: making public transport safer for women |last = Bates |first = Laura |author-link = Laura Bates |date = 1 October 2013 |work = [[The Guardian]] |access-date = 17 September 2014 |archive-date = 5 November 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141105024917/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/the-womens-blog-with-jane-martinson/2013/oct/01/project-guardian-public-transport-safer-women |url-status = live}}</ref> In 2014, TfL launched the [[100 years of women in transport campaign]] in partnership with the [[Department for Transport]], [[Crossrail]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.crossrail.co.uk/news/articles/crossrail-partners-with-women-into-construction |title = Crossrail partners with Women into Construction |access-date = 10 November 2015 |archive-date = 28 September 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180928130610/http://www.crossrail.co.uk/news/articles/crossrail-partners-with-women-into-construction |url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Network Rail]],<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.onemk.co.uk/news/2015/6/network-rail-senior-manager-shares-experiences-26767427.html |title = In Your Area |access-date = 10 November 2015 |archive-date = 25 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200325003059/https://www.inyourarea.co.uk// |url-status = dead }}</ref> the [[Women's Engineering Society]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wes.org.uk/100yowit |title = 100 Years of Women in Transport – Women's Engineering Society |access-date = 10 November 2015 |archive-date = 14 May 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170514234829/http://www.wes.org.uk/100yowit |url-status = live}}</ref> and the Women's Transportation Seminar (WTS). The programme was a celebration of the significant role that women had played in transport over the previous 100 years, following the centennial anniversary of the First World War, when 100,000 women entered the transport industry to take on the responsibilities held by men who enlisted for military service.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/jun-2014/first-100-years-women-transport |title = The first 100 years of women in transport |access-date = 10 November 2015 |archive-date = 2 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181002102320/http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/jun-2014/first-100-years-women-transport |url-status = live}}</ref>

As early as 2014, an [[Ultra–Low Emission Zone]] (ULEZ) was under consideration since 2014 under London Mayor [[Boris Johnson]].<ref name="Harvey">{{cite news |author=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=29 July 2014 |title=Diesel drivers may face higher costs in pollution battle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/29/diesel-drivers-may-face-higher-costs-pollution-battle |access-date=29 July 2014 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Johnson announced in 2015 that the zone covering the same areas as the congestion charge would come into operation in September 2020. [[Sadiq Khan]], Johnson's successor, introduced an emissions surcharge, called the [[Toxicity Charge]] or "T-Charge", for non-compliant vehicles from 2017.<ref name=TCharge>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/17/london-to-introduce-vehicle-pollution-charge-in-october-says-mayor-sadiq-khan |title=London to introduce £10 vehicle pollution charge, says Sadiq Khan | first=Rowena |last=Mason | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=17 February 2017 | access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="NYT02172017">{{cite news |author=de Reytas-Tamura |first=Kimiko |date=17 February 2017 |title=A Push for Diesel Leaves London Gasping Amid Record Pollution |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/17/world/europe/london-smog-air-pollution.html?_r=0 |access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref> The Toxicity Charge was replaced by the Ultra Low Emission Zone on 8 April 2019, which was introduced ahead of schedule. On 29 August 2023, the ULEZ was expanded to cover all 32 London boroughs, bringing an additional five million people into the zone.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Topham |first1=Gwyn |title=Ulez to be expanded across whole of Greater London from August |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/25/ulez-to-be-expanded-across-whole-of-greater-london-from-august |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=25 November 2022}}</ref>

During 2020, passenger numbers, along with associated revenue, went into a sharp downturn as a result of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom]]. In response, TfL services were reduced; specifically, all [[Night Overground]] and [[Night Tube]] services, as well as all services on the [[Waterloo & City line]], were suspended from 20 March, while 40 tube stations were closed on the same day.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-london-shops-could-close-and-transport-restricted-by-weekend-whitehall-sources-11959814 |title = Coronavirus: London cuts Tube trains and warns 'don't travel unless you really have to' |website = Sky News |language = en-gb |access-date = 19 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321052444/https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-london-shops-could-close-and-transport-restricted-by-weekend-whitehall-sources-11959814 |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |url-status = live}}</ref> The Mayor of London and TfL urged people to only use public transport if absolutely essential so that it could be used by critical workers.<ref>{{cite web |date = 18 March 2020 |title = Planned services to support London's critical workers |url = https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2020/march/planned-services-to-support-london-s-critical-workers |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200320201755/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2020/march/planned-services-to-support-london-s-critical-workers |archive-date = 20 March 2020 |access-date = 19 March 2020 |website = Transport for London |language = en-gb}}</ref> The London Underground brought in new measures on 25 March to combat the spread of the virus; these included slowing the flow of passengers onto platforms via the imposition of queuing at ticket gates and turning off some escalators.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-52023580 |title = New Tube restrictions to stop non-essential trips |date = 25 March 2020 |work = BBC News |access-date = 25 March 2020 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 8 April 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200408134743/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-52023580 |url-status = live }}</ref> In April, TfL trialled changes encouraging passengers to board London buses by the middle doors to lessen the risks to drivers, after the deaths of 14 TfL workers including nine drivers.<ref name="Champion-09Apr2020">{{cite news |last1 = Champion |first1 = Ben |title = Coronavirus: London to trial new way of using buses after 14 transport workers die from Covid-19 |url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/coronavirus-bus-driver-deaths-back-doors-ppe-safety-a9456526.html |access-date = 14 April 2020 |work = Independent |date = 9 April 2020 |archive-date = 11 April 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200411172647/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/coronavirus-bus-driver-deaths-back-doors-ppe-safety-a9456526.html |url-status = live }}</ref> This measure was extended to all routes on 20 April, and passengers were no longer required to pay, so that they did not need to use the card reader near the driver.<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-free-travel-and-middle-door-only-boarding-on-london-buses-11974594 |title = Coronavirus: Free travel and middle door only boarding on London buses |date = 17 April 2020 |website = Sky News |language = en-gb |access-date = 19 April 2020 |archive-date = 21 April 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200421004837/https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-free-travel-and-middle-door-only-boarding-on-london-buses-11974594 |url-status = live}}</ref>