Editing Tory (section)

==Etymology==
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The word ''Tory'' derives from the Irish ''tóraí'', meaning "outlaw" (literally "pursuer"). It entered the English language in the 17th century, when it was used to describe Irish outlaws who survived by committing acts of robbery and plunder against English settlers. Later, it came to denote any Catholic or [[Cavalier|Royalist]] who had taken up arms against the English government.<ref>{{cite OED|Tory|7417690005}}</ref> 

The word entered English politics during the [[Exclusion Crisis]], emerging as a pejorative term for supporters of the [[James II of England|Duke of York]] and his hereditary right to inherit the throne despite his Catholic religion.<ref name=etym>{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tory|title=Tory|publisher=Douglas Harper|year=2021|website=etymonline.com|access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=britannica>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party-England|title=Whig and Tory|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|year=2021|access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-30899534|title='Conservative' or 'Tory': What's in a name?|website=www.bbc.com|date=8 April 2015|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=24 December 2021|last=Padmanabhan|first=Leela}}</ref> According to [[Daniel Defoe]], it was popularised by [[Titus Oates]], who once received a warning that a group of Irish tories intended to assassinate him. Following this incident, Oates "could never hear any man [...] talk against the [[Popish Plot|plot]], or against the witnesses, but he thought he was one of these ''tories'', and call'd almost every man a ''tory'' that oppos'd him in discourse; till at last the word ''tory'' became popular, and it stuck so close to the [Yorkist] party in all their bloody proceedings that they had no way to get it off".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Willman|first=Robert|title=The Origins of 'Whig' and 'Tory' in English Political Language|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=17|issue=2|pages=247–264|jstor=2638297}}</ref>

Although both ''Tory'' and ''Whig'' originated as pejoratives, they soon became neutral terms for the two major factions in British politics.<ref name=altterm>{{cite book|title=The Gaelic Etymology of the Languages of Western Europe|publisher=Harvard University|year=1877|last=Mackay|first=Charles|page=503}}</ref> The suffix ''-ism'' was added to make [[Whiggism]] and Toryism, meaning the principles and methods of each faction.

During the [[American Revolution]], the term ''Tory'' was used interchangeably with the term "[[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]]" in the Thirteen Colonies to refer to colonists who remained loyal to [[the Crown]] during the conflict.<ref name=etym/> The term contrasts the colloquial term used to describe supporters of the revolution, "[[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]]" or "Whigs".