Editing Tonga (section)

==Etymology==
In many [[Polynesian languages]], including Tongan, the word {{lang|to|tonga}} ({{IPA|to|ˈtoŋa|lang}}),<ref>{{cite web |title=Tonga |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tonga |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601201608/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tonga |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Churchward, C.M. (1985) ''Tongan grammar'', Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-908717-05-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2005 |title=Tonga |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0055427 |access-date=18 February 2022 |website=The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-558451-6 |editor-first1=Tony |editor-last1=Deverson |editor-first2=Graeme |editor-last2=Kennedy |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228234601/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0055427 |url-status=live }}</ref> comes from {{lang|to|fakatonga}}, which means 'southwards', and the archipelago is so named because it is the southernmost group among the island groups of western Polynesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tongantranslator.com/search.aspx|title=Search {{!}} English – Tongan Translator|website=www.tongantranslator.com|access-date=2018-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429231923/http://tongantranslator.com/search.aspx|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The word {{lang|to|tonga}} is cognate to the [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] word {{lang|haw|kona}} meaning 'leeward', which is the origin of the name for the [[Kona District, Hawaii|Kona District in Hawai{{okina}}i]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Coffee Culture, Destinations and Tourism | editor=Jolliffe, Lee | year=2010 | publisher=Channel View Publications | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnpwfgQvAMsC | page=112| isbn=9781845411923 }}</ref>

Tonga became known in the West as the "Friendly Islands" because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain [[James Cook]] on his first visit in 1773. He arrived at the time of the annual {{lang|to|ʻinasi}} festival, which centres on the donation of the [[First Fruits]] to the [[Tuʻi Tonga]] (the islands' monarch), so he received an invitation to the festivities. Ironically, according to the writer [[William Mariner (writer)|William Mariner]], the political leaders actually wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but did not go through with it because they could not agree on a plan of action for accomplishing it.<ref>[[William Mariner (writer)|Mariner, William]] and [[John Martin (meteorologist)|Martin]], John (1817). ''An account of the natives of the Tonga islands in the south Pacific Ocean: With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged from the extensive communications of Mr. William Mariner, several years' resident in those islands'', Volume 2, [https://books.google.com/books?id=AD9CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 pp. 64–65] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412133043/https://books.google.com/books?id=AD9CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 |date=12 April 2016 }}. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</ref>