Editing Tomás de Zumalacárregui (section)

==From the Peninsula War to Ferdinand VII==
Zumalacárregui was born in [[Ormaiztegi]] in [[Gipuzkoa]], a Basque province in Spain, on 29 December 1788. His father, Francisco Antonio de Zumalacárregui Muxica, was a lawyer who possessed some property, and the son was articled to a solicitor. His mother was Maria Ana Imaz Altolaguirre.

[[File:Zumalakarregi_museoa.jpg|thumb|left|Zumalacárregui's birthplace-turned-museum in [[Ormaiztegi]]]]

When the Peninsular War began with a French invasion of Spain in 1808 he enlisted in [[Zaragoza]]. He served in the 1808 [[First Siege of Zaragoza]], at the [[Battle of Tudela]], and during the 1809 [[Second Siege of Zaragoza]] until he was taken prisoner in a sortie. He succeeded in escaping and in reaching his family in [[Navarre]]. For a short time he served with Gaspar de Jáuregui, another Gipuzkoan known as "The Shepherd" ({{langx|eu|Artzaia}}), one of the [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] leaders, who later became a general in the regular army against which Zumalacarregui fought.

But Zumalacárregui, who was noted for his grave and silent disposition and his strong religious principles, disliked the disorderly life of the guerrillas, and when regular forces were organized in the north he entered the 1st battalion of Gipuzkoa as an officer. During the remainder of the war he served in the regular army. His brother Miguel Antonio de Zumalacárregui was in Cádiz at the time the [[Cortes of Cádiz|Cortes]] passed the [[Spanish Constitution of 1812|Constitution of 1812]], going on to be elected chief deputy of Gipuzkoa. Tomas was then sent with dispatches to the Regency at [[Cádiz]], and received his commission as captain. In that rank he was present at the [[Battle of San Marcial]] in August 1813. After the restoration of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] he continued in the army, and is said to have made a careful study of the theory of war.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Zumalacárregui, Thomas|volume=28|pages=1055-1056|first=David|last=Hannay|authorlink=David Hannay (historian)}}</ref>