Editing Tigris (section)

== Etymology ==
[[File:USSHER(1865) p477 BEDOWEEN CROSSING THE TIGRIS WITH PLUNDER.jpg|thumb|right|Bedouin crossing the river Tigris with plunder ({{c.|1860}})]]
The [[Ancient Greek]] form {{Transliteration|grc|Tigris}} ({{lang|grc|Τίγρις}}) is an alternative form of {{Transliteration|grc|Tígrēs}} ({{lang|grc|Τίγρης}}), which was adapted from [[Old Persian]] {{lang|peo|{{script|Xpeo|𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠}}}} ({{Transliteration|peo|Tigrā}}), itself from [[Elamite language|Elamite]] {{Transliteration|elx|Tigra}}, itself from [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] {{lang|sux|{{cuneiform|4|𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼}}}} ({{Transliteration|sux|Idigna}} or {{Transliteration|sux|Idigina}}, probably derived from {{Transliteration|sux|*id (i)gina}} "running water").<ref>F. Delitzsch, ''Sumerisches Glossar'', Leipzig (1914), IV, 6, 21.</ref> The Sumerian term, which can be interpreted as "the swift river", contrasts the Tigris to its neighbour, the Euphrates, whose leisurely pace caused it to deposit more [[silt]] and build up a higher bed than the Tigris. The Sumerian form was borrowed into [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] as {{Transliteration|akk|Idiqlat}} and from there into the other [[Semitic languages]] (compare {{langx|he|חִדֶּקֶל‎|translit=Ḥîddéqel}}; {{langx|tmr|דיגלת‎, דיקגלת‎|translit=diqlāṯ}} or {{Transliteration|tmr|diglāṯ}}; {{langx|syc|ܕܩܠܬ‎|translit=Deqlāṯ}}, {{langx|ar|دِجلَة|translit=Dijlah}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tigris Meaning - Bible Definition and References |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/tigris/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Bible Study Tools |language=en}}</ref>

Another name for the Tigris used in [[Middle Persian]] was {{Transliteration|pal|Arvand Rud}}, literally "swift river". Today, however, {{Transliteration|fa|Arvand Rud}} ({{langx|fa|اروندرود}}) refers to the [[confluence]] of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, known in Arabic as the [[Shatt al-Arab|{{Transliteration|ar|Šaṭṭ al-ʿArab}}]]. In [[Kurdish languages]], it is known as {{Transliteration|ku|Ava Mezin}}, "the Great Water".<ref>{{cite book|last=Guo|first=Rongxing|date=7 July 2020|chapter=2.1.3 Comparing the Euphrates and Tigris|title=Wadier: A New History of Civilizations|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318392498|format=PDF|volume=I: What do the Ancestral Voices and Glyphs Say?|pages=100–104|access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

[[Image:Tigris river Mosul.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]]]
[[Image:TigrisRiver.JPG|thumb|right|Outside of [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]]]
The name of the Tigris in languages that have been important in the region:
{|class="wikitable" 
|-
!Language 
!Name for Tigris 
|-
|[[Akkadian language|Akkadian]]
|{{lang|akk|{{cuneiform|6|𒁇𒄘𒃼}}}}, {{transliteration|akk|Idiqlat}}
|-
|[[Arabic]]
|{{lang|ar|دِجلَة}}, {{transliteration|ar|Dijlah}}; {{lang|ar|حُدَاقِل}}, Ḥudāqil
|-
|[[Aramaic]]
|{{lang|arc|דיגלת}}, {{transliteration|arc|Diglath}}
|-
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|{{lang|hy|Տիգրիս}}, {{transliteration|hy|Tigris}}, {{lang|hy|Դգլաթ}}, {{transliteration|hy|Dglatʿ}}
|-
|[[Ancient Greek|Greek]]
|{{lang|grc|[[incubator:Wp/grc/Τίγρης|ἡ Τίγρης]], -ητος}}, {{transliteration|el|hē Tígrēs, -ētos}};
{{lang|grc|ἡ, ὁ Τίγρις, -ιδος}}, {{transliteration|el|hē, ho Tígris, -idos}}
|-
|[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
|{{lang|he|חִדֶּקֶל}}, {{transliteration|he|Ḥiddéqel}}<ref name="Genesis 2:14">Genesis 2:14</ref>
|-
|[[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]
|{{transliteration|xhu|Aranzah}}<ref>E. Laroche, ''Glossaire de la langue Hourrite'', Paris (1980), p. 55.</ref> 
|-
|[[Persian language|Persian]]
|{{langx|peo|{{script|Xpeo|𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠}}}} ''Tigrā''; [[Middle Persian]]: ''Tigr''; {{langx|fa|دجله}} ''Dejle''
|-
|[[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]
|{{lang|sux|{{cuneiform|4|𒁇𒄘𒃼}}}} {{transliteration|sux|Idigna/Idigina}} [[Image:B124ellst.png|100x20px|IDIGNA (Borger 2003 nr. 124) 𒈦𒄘𒃼<!-- MAŠ.GU2.GAR3-->]]
|-
|[[Syriac language|Syriac]]
|{{lang|syr|ܕܸܩܠܵܬܼ}} {{transliteration|syr|Deqlaṯ}}
|-
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|{{lang|tr|Dicle}}
|-
|[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
|Dîcle, Dijlê, دیجلە
|}
[[Image:Haifa street, as seen from the medical city hospital across the tigres.jpg|thumb|right|[[Baghdad]]]]