Editing Tienen (section)

==History==
[[File:Charles-François Dumouriez.PNG|thumb|left|upright|alt=Painting of a determined-looking man who is standing with his left hand on his hip and his right hand on a table. He wears a dark blue double-breasted military coat with red breeches. His hair or wig in the style of the late 18th century, powdered white and curled at the ears.|French commander [[Charles François Dumouriez]], who used the town as a base during the March 1793 [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Battle of Neerwinden]].]]

Tienen was once a Roman settlement and trade center with roads to other important places. In the early [[Middle Ages]], the town was probably ruled by an old German family [[Thienen]].

During the 1635 to 1659 [[Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)|Franco-Spanish War]], Tienen was part of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] and was captured by a combined Franco-Dutch army in May 1635.{{sfn|De Périni|1896|p=179}} Its capture resulted in one of the most serious atrocities of the Dutch Revolt; the town was sacked, over 200 civilians killed and many buildings damaged, including Catholic churches and monasteries. This ended Dutch prospects of winning over the predominantly Catholic population of the Southern Netherlands.{{sfn|Lasaffer|2006|pp=3-4}}

After the 1714 [[Treaty of Utrecht]], the town was incorporated into the [[Austrian Netherlands]]; in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], it was used as a base by [[First French Republic|French Republican]] General [[Charles François Dumouriez]] during the [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Battle of Neerwinden]]. On 16 March 1793, the French repulsed an [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian]] army commanded by [[Prince Josias of Coburg]].{{sfn|Soboul|1975|p=298}} This was the last victory for the veteran Dumouriez, hero of [[Battle of Valmy|Valmy]] and [[Battle of Jemappes|Jemappes]]; within a week, his army suffered such catastrophic defeats that he defected to the [[House of Bourbon|French Royalists]].{{sfn|Thiers|1838 |p=298}}

During [[World War I]], Tienen was occupied by German forces after they broke through the Belgian defensive lines at the [[Battle of Halen]] and the [[Battle of Saint-Marguerite Woodem]]. In total, 60 houses were destroyed, a further 152 houses were damaged. About 100 soldiers and civilians from Tienen would eventually die during WWI.

In 1930, 100 years of Belgian independence was celebrated in Tienen. After the Great War, the city had also grown from about 7000 inhabitants in 1830 to 22.806 in 1930.

Tienen once again became a target during [[World War II]]. At the time, the town was an important railway junction. Nevertheless, the town was not seen as a strategic target. The Allies bombed Tienen as early as April 25 1944 when the RAF dropped three bombs on Tienen, destroying three houses and killing a few inhabitants. The big bombing raid came on May 25 1944. At around 11:15, the first bomb hit the local hospital. As a result of this bombing raid which lasted until 11:33, 13 civilians died and another 40 were injured. The city ended up being heavily damaged: over 200 houses were hit, 100 of which were declared uninhabitable. The old guest house was destroyed as well after the bombs largely failed to reach the intended targets, which were the local bridges and the ironway. Most houses of the [[beguinage]] of Tienen and the oil refinery were also destroyed. Countless windows were broken as a result of the blasts and men ended up leaving 400 homes in the town. Two bridges ended up being hit, one of which caused a small flooding of the area. A noteworthy victim of the Tienen bombing was the local [[Dean (Christianity)|Dean]] of Rochette, who died inside the [[confessional|confession booth]] when he refused to leave the town at the last moment because he wanted to comfort scared civilians. Today the regional cemetery of Tienen has an open Neogothic chapel that reminds of the Dean of Rochette.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hangarflying.eu/erfgoedsites/slachtoffers-luchtbombardement-tweede-wereldoorlog-tienen/|title=Slachtoffers luchtbombardement Tweede Wereldoorlog, Tienen|date=6 December 2022}}</ref> Tienen was liberated by Allied forces on September 7 of that year after the Germans fled in panic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dereensteen.be/Tentoonstelling-Bezet-bevrijd-bewaard-drie-bijzondere-verhalen|title=Tentoonstelling 'Bezet, Bevrijd, Bewaard'|date= August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dereensteen.be/filter/interview/De-oorlog-door-de-ogen-van-Tiense-getuigen|title=De oorlog door de ogen van Tiense getuigen|date= August 2024}}</ref>

WWII ended up costing the lives of 80 inhabitants on Tienen: 40 soldiers and one civilian were executed, another 4 were killed for being part of the underground resistance and 19 people died after being deported to Germany, 7 of those being prisoners of war. In total, 549 houses were completely destroyed and another 2551 damaged.