Editing Thuringii (section)

==First appearances==
[[File:Cornelius-Tacitus-Hugo-de-Groot-Antiquitates-Germanicæ MGG 0263.tif|thumb|Image from "Battle of [[Hermunduri]] and [[Chatti]]", 1717]]
The Thuringians do not appear in classical Roman texts under that name, but some have suggested that they were the remnants of the [[Suebi]]c [[Hermanduri]], the last part of whose name (''-duri'') could represent the same sound as (''-thuri'') and the Germanic suffix ''-ing'', suggests a meaning of "descendants of (the [Herman]duri)".<ref>Schutz, 402.</ref> This people were living near the [[Marcomanni]]. [[Tacitus]], in his ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'', describes their homeland as being where the [[Elbe]] starts, but also having colonies at the [[Danube]], and even within the [[Roman province]] of [[Rhaetia]]. [[Claudius Ptolemy]] mentions neither the Hermunduri nor the Thuringians in his geography, but instead the [[Teuriochaemae]], who are described as living just north of the [[Sudetes]] mountains in, what is thought to be, the [[Ore Mountains]]. These may also be connected to later Thuringians. ("''Chaemae''" may represent a version of the Germanic word for "home". Ptolemy also for example mentions a people called the ''[[Bainochaimai]]'', located to the west of the Elbe.){{Clarify|date=July 2023|reason=This "chaemae" info is disjointed & seems like prior context was removed; needs to be elaborated upon/clarified as to the context and meaning}} 

The name of the Thuringians appears to be first mentioned in the veterinary treatise of [[Vegetius]], written early in the fifth century.<ref>[[Guy Halsall]], Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West 376-568, p.39, citing B. Schmidt.</ref>

The formation of the Thuringian kingdom may have had also been influenced by two longer-known tribes more associated with the eastern bank of the lower Elbe river, northeast of Thuringia, because the [[Carolingian]] law code written for them was called the "law of the [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] and [[Varini]] that is the Thuringians". Much earlier, in his ''Germania'' for example, Tacitus had grouped the Anglii and Varini among the more distant Suebic tribes, living beyond the Elbe, and near a sea where they worshipped a goddess called [[Nerthus]]. These two tribes are among Germanic groups known to have been found north of the Danube in this period. [[Procopius]] in his ''Gothic Wars'' describes the land of the Varini in the 6th century as being south of the Danes, but north of the [[Slavs]], who were in turn north of the uncultivated lands which lay north of the Danube. Procopius describes a marriage alliance between the Angles of [[Great Britain|Britain]] and the Varni in the sixth century.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Procopius|last=H. B.|first=Dewing|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1962|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=255|url=https://archive.org/stream/L217ProcopiusVHistoryOfTheWars7.368.GothicWar/L217-Procopius%20V%20History%20of%20the%20Wars%207.36-8.%20%28Gothic%20War%29#page/n263/mode/2up}}</ref>

They appear in some lists of the peoples involved in [[Attila]]'s invasion of [[Gaul]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goffart |first1=Walter |author-link1=Walter Goffart |year=2006  |title=Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qr43XNyZh6AC  |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]  |isbn=9780812239393 }} p.216</ref> [[Walter Pohl]] has also proposed that they may be the same as the [[Turcilingi]] (or Torcolingi) who were one of the tribes near the middle Danube after the collapse of the empire of Attila, to whom they had apparently all been subject. They are specifically associated with [[Odoacer]], who later became King of Italy, and are sometimes thought to have formed a part of the [[Sciri]]. Other tribes in this region at the time included the [[Rugii]] and the [[Heruls]]. [[Sidonius Apollinaris]], in his seventh poem, explicitly lists them among the allies who fought under Attila when he entered Gaul in 451. During the reign of [[Childeric I]], [[Gregory of Tours]] and [[Fredegar]] record that the Frankish King married the runaway wife of the King of the Thuringians, but the story may be distorted. (For example, the area of [[Tongeren]], now in Belgium, may have been intended.<ref>Halsall p.392</ref>)

More clearly, correspondence is recorded with a kingdom of Thuringians by Procopius and [[Cassiodorus]] during the reigns of [[Theoderic the Great]] (454–526) and [[Clovis I]] (approx. 466–511), after the downfall of Attila and Odoacer. {{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}