Editing Third Great Awakening (section)

==Overview==
This article focuses on the [[Christian revival|awakening]] that took place during the 19th century in America and Korea. A similar awakening [[1859 Ulster revival|took place in Britain]], identified by [[J. Edwin Orr]] as starting in 1859 with its influence continuing through to the end of the 19th century, impacting church growth, overseas mission, and social action.{{sfn|Orr|1952}} Significant names include [[Dwight L. Moody]], [[Ira D. Sankey]], [[William Booth]] and [[Catherine Booth]] (founders of [[The Salvation Army]]), [[Charles Spurgeon]] and [[James Caughey]]. [[Hudson Taylor]] began the [[OMF International|China Inland Mission]], and [[Thomas John Barnardo]] founded his famous orphanages.

The American Protestant [[Mainline Protestant|mainline churches]] were growing rapidly in numbers, wealth and educational levels, throwing off their [[American frontier|frontier]] beginnings and becoming centered in towns and cities. Intellectuals and writers such as [[Josiah Strong]] advocated a [[muscular Christianity]] with systematic outreach to the [[unchurched]] in America and around the globe. Others built colleges and universities to train the next generation. Each denomination supported active [[List_of_Protestant_missionary_societies#Missionary_societies_in_the_United_States_and_Canada|missionary societies]] and made the role of missionary one of high prestige.{{sfn|Ahlstrom|1972|pp=731–872}}

The great majority of [[Pietism|pietistic]] mainline Protestants (in the North) supported the [[History of the Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and urged it to [[Third Party System|endorse prohibition and social reforms]].{{sfnm |1a1=Kleppner |1y=2009 |2a1=Jensen |2y=1971}} The [[Jeremiah_Lanphier#Revival_of_1857–59|awakening in numerous cities in 1858]] was interrupted by the [[American Civil War]]. In the [[Southern United States|South]], on the other hand, the Civil War stimulated revivals, especially the [[Confederate States Army revival]] in General [[Robert E. Lee]]'s army.{{sfn|Miller|Stout|Reagan|1998}} After the war, Moody made revivalism the centerpiece of his activities in [[Chicago]] and founded the [[Moody Bible Institute]]. The [[hymn|hymns]] of [[Ira D. Sankey|Ira Sankey]] were especially influential.{{sfn|Findlay|2007}}

Across the nation, [[Teetotalism|drys]] crusaded in the name of religion for the [[prohibition in the United States|prohibition]] of alcohol. The [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] mobilized Protestant women for social crusades against liquor, pornography and prostitution, and sparked the demand for [[women's suffrage]].{{sfn|Bordin|1981}} The [[Gilded Age]] [[plutocracy]] came under sharp attack from [[Social Gospel]] [[Preacher|preachers]] and [[Reform movement|reformers]] in the [[Progressive Era]]. The historian [[Robert Fogel]] identifies numerous reforms, especially the battles involving [[Child labor in the United States|child labor]], compulsory [[Primary education|elementary education]], and the protection of women from exploitation in factories.{{sfn|Fogel|2000|p=108}} With [[Jane Addams]]'s [[Hull House]] in Chicago as its center, the settlement house movement and the vocation of social work were deeply influenced by the Social Gospel.{{sfn|Knight|2010}}

In 1880, the [[Salvation Army]] denomination arrived in America. Although its theology was based on ideals expressed during the [[Second Great Awakening]], its focus on poverty was of the Third. All the major denominations sponsored growing missionary activities, both inside the United States and around the world.{{sfnm |1a1=Shenk |1y=2004 |2a1=Varg |2y=1954}} Colleges associated with churches rapidly expanded in number, size and quality of curriculum. The promotion of "muscular Christianity" became popular among young men on campus and in urban [[YMCA]]s, as well as in such denominational youth groups such as the [[Epworth League]] for [[Methodism|Methodists]] and the [[C. F. W. Walther|Walther League]] for [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]].{{sfn|Setran|2005}} Professional baseball player [[Billy Sunday]] converted as a young man in the 1880s, became an [[Evangelism|evangelist]], and is widely considered America's most influential evangelist of the first two decades in the 20th century. In 1891, basketball was invented at the [[Springfield_College#History|International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Training School]] in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]].