Editing Thiamine (section)

==Definition==
Thiamine is one of the [[B vitamins]] and is also known as vitamin B<sub>1</sub>.<ref name=ods/><ref name=PKIN2020B1 /><ref name="DRItext" /> It is a [[cation]] that is usually supplied as a [[chloride]] [[salt (chemistry)|salt]].<ref name=lpi/> It is [[Solubility|soluble]] in water, [[methanol]] and [[glycerol]], but practically insoluble in less polar [[organic solvent]]s.<ref name="Mahan"/><ref name="ModNutr2006"/> In the body, thiamine can form [[Derivative (chemistry)|derivatives]]; the most well-characterized of which is [[thiamine pyrophosphate]] (TPP), a [[coenzyme]] in the [[catabolism]] of sugars and amino acids.<ref name=lpi/><ref name=PKIN2020B1 />

The chemical structure consists of an [[pyrimidine|aminopyrimidine]] and a [[thiazolium]] ring linked by a [[methylene bridge]].<ref name=lpi/> The thiazole is substituted with methyl and [[Ethanol|hydroxyethyl side chains]].<ref name=lpi/> Thiamine is stable at acidic [[pH]], but it is unstable in [[Alkali|alkaline solutions]] and from exposure to [[heat]].<ref name="Mahan"/><ref name="ModNutr2006"/> It reacts strongly in [[Maillard reaction|Maillard-type reactions]].<ref name="Mahan"/> [[Redox|Oxidation]] yields the fluorescent derivative [[thiochrome]], which can be used to determine the amount of the vitamin present in biological samples.<ref>{{cite book | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00102-X | chapter = Biochemistry of Thiamine and Thiamine Phosphate Compounds | title = Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry | year = 2013 | vauthors = Bettendorff L, Wins P | pages = 202–9 | isbn = 9780123786319 }}</ref>