Editing Thelypteridaceae (section)

== Classification ==
During the early and mid 1900's<ref name="ferns2001">{{cite journal |last1=Collinson |first1=M. E. |title=Cainozoic ferns and their distribution |journal=Brittonia |date=2001 |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=173–235 |doi=10.1007/BF02812700 |jstor=2666600|s2cid=19984401 }}</ref> all thelypterioid ferns were included in the genus ''[[Dryopteris]]'' because of the sorus shape.  However, there are a great many differences between the groups, and these plants are now segregated in their own family.<ref name=FNA/><ref name=PPGI/> [[Genetics|Genetic]] evidence shows that the family is clearly [[Monophyly|monophyletic]].<ref name=PPGI/>

===Phylogenetic relationships===
The following cladogram for the suborder [[Aspleniineae]] (as eupolypods II), based on Lehtonen (2011),<ref name=Lehtonen-2011/> and Rothfels & al. (2012),<ref name=Rothfels-2012/> shows a likely [[phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] relationship between the Thelypteridaceae and the other families of the clade.
{{eupolypods II cladogram}}

===Genera===
The family can be divided into two major clades, which the [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group]] classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognizes as two subfamilies, Phegopteridoideae and Thelypteroideae.<ref name=PPGI/> Their division into genera has been described as "highly controversial and fluctuating".<ref name=CFLW_Th/> The family includes several complexes of species that are difficult to distinguish, and seem to represent a remarkable evolutionary radiation. Some researchers include the entire family Thelypteridaceae in the genus ''[[Thelypteris]]'';{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} others divide the family into as many as 30 genera.<ref name=CFLW_Th/> An intermediate position is to place the bulk in ''Thelypteris'' (which can then be divided into subgenera and sections corresponding to the genera of other authors) but to separate out ''[[Phegopteris]]'' and ''[[Macrothelypteris]]''.<ref name=FNA/> Another choice is to divide the family into a half a dozen or so genera.<ref name=Smith-2006/>

{{cladogram|title=|Phylogeny of Thelypteriaceae<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.3.0 |access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref>
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;width:500px
|1={{clade
  |label1=Phegopteridoideae
  |1={{clade
    |1=''[[Macrothelypteris]]''
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Phegopteris]]''
      |2=''[[Pseudophegopteris]]''
       }}
     }}
  |label2=Thelypteridoideae
  |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
      |label1=Thelypterideae
      |1=''[[Thelypteris]]''
       }}
    |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
        |label1=Amauropelteae
        |1={{clade
          |1=''[[Coryphopteris]]''
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Metathelypteris]]''
            |2=''[[Amauropelta]]''
             }}
           }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Oreopteris]]''
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Steiropteris]]''
          |2={{clade
            |label1=Leptogrammeae
            |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Cyclogramma]]''
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Stegnogramma]]''
                |2=''[[Leptogramma]]''
                 }}
               }}
            |label2=Meniscieae
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Steiropteris]]'' species-group 2
              |2={{clade
                |1={{clade
                  |label1=Goniopteridinae
                  |1=''[[Goniopteris]]''
                   }}
                |2={{clade
                  |label1=Menisciinae
                  |1={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                      |1=''[[Cyclosorus]]''
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Ampelopteris]]''
                        |2=''[[Mesophlebion]]''
                         }}
                       }}
                    |2=''[[Meniscium]]''
                     }}
                  |label2=Pseudocyclosorinae
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Pelazoneuron]]''
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[[Pakau]]''
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''Pelazoneuron'' species-group 2
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Glaphyropteridopsis]]''
                          |2={{clade
                            |1={{clade
                              |1=''[[Chingia]]''
                              |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Plesioneuron]]''
                                |2=''[[Menisciopsis]]''
                                 }}
                               }}
                            |2={{clade
                              |1=''[[Grypothrix]]''
                              |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Mesopteris]]''
                                |2={{clade
                                  |1=''[[Plesioneuron archboldiae]]''
                                  |2={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Strophocaulon]]''
                                    |2={{clade
                                      |1={{clade
                                        |1={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Pneumatopteris]]''
                                          |2=''[[Reholttumia]]''
                                           }}
                                        |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Pronephrium]]''
                                          |2=''[[Sphaerostephanos]]''
                                           }}
                                         }}
                                      |2={{clade
                                        |1={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Trigonospora]]''
                                          |2=''[[Pseudocyclosorus]]''
                                           }}
                                        |2={{clade
                                          |1={{clade
                                            |1=''[[Amblovenatum]]''
                                            |2={{clade
                                              |1=''[[Sphaerostephanos elatus]]''
                                              |2=''[[Abacopteris]]''
                                               }}
                                             }}
                                          |2=''[[Christella]]''
                                           }}
                                         }}
                                       }}
                                     }}
                                   }}
                                 }}
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}
}}

The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts 30 genera:<ref name=PPGI/>
*Subfamily Phegopteridoideae <small>Salino, A.R.Sm. & T.E.Almeid</small>
**''[[Macrothelypteris]]'' <small>(H.Ito) Ching</small>
**''[[Phegopteris]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Fée</small>
**''[[Pseudophegopteris]]'' <small>Ching</small><ref name=CFLW_Ph/><ref name=POWO_30000947-2/>
*Subfamily Thelypteridoideae <small>C.F.Reed</small>
**''[[Steiropteris]]'' <small>(C.Chr.) Pic.Serm.</small>
**Tribe Thelypterideae <small>Ching 1963</small>
***''[[Thelypteris]]'' <small>Schmidel</small>
**Tribe Amauropelteae <small>Wei, Liu & Liu</small>
***''[[Amauropelta]]'' <small>Kunze</small>
***''[[Coryphopteris]]'' <small>Holttum</small>
***''[[Metathelypteris]]'' <small>(H.Ito) Ching</small>
**Tribe Oreopterideae <small>Wei, Liu & Liu</small>
***''[[Oreopteris]]'' <small>Holub</small>
**Tribe Leptogrammeae <small>Todaro 1866</small>
***''[[Cyclogramma]]'' <small>Tagawa</small>
***''[[Leptogramma]]'' <small>Smith</small>
***''[[Stegnogramma]]'' <small>Blume</small>
**Tribe Meniscieae <small>Fée 1850-1852 ex Pfeiffer 1873</small>
***Subtribe Goniopteridinae <small>Ching 1963</small>
****''[[Goniopteris]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
***Subtribe Menisciinae <small>Payer 1850</small>
****''[[Ampelopteris]]'' <small>Kunze</small>
****''[[Cyclosorus]]'' <small>Link</small>
****''[[Meniscium]]'' <small>Schreb.</small>
****''[[Mesophlebion]]'' <small>Holttum</small>
***Subtribe Pseudocyclosorinae <small>Ching 1963</small>
****''[[Abacopteris]]'' <small>Fée</small>
****''[[Amblovenatum]]'' <small>J.P.Roux</small>
****''[[Chingia]]'' <small>Holttum</small>
****''[[Christella]]'' <small>H.Lév.</small>
****''[[Glaphyropteridopsis]]'' <small>Ching</small>
****''[[Grypothrix]]'' <small>(Holttum 1971) Fawcett & Smith</small>
****''[[Menisciopsis]]'' <small>(Holttum 1982) Fawcett & Smith</small>
****''[[Menisorus]]'' <small>Alston</small>
****''[[Mesopteris]]'' <small>Ching</small>
****''[[Pakau]]'' <small>Fawcett & Smith</small>
****''[[Parathelypteris]]'' <small>(H.Ito) Ching</small>
****''[[Pelazoneuron]]'' <small>(Holttum 1974) Smith & Fawcett</small>
****''[[Plesioneuron]]'' <small>(Holttum) Holttum</small>
****''[[Pneumatopteris]]'' <small>Nakai</small>
****''[[Pronephrium]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> [''[[Nannothelypteris]]'' <small>Holttum</small>]
****''[[Pseudocyclosorus]]'' <small>Ching</small>
****''[[Reholttumia]]'' <small>Fawcett & Smith</small>
****''[[Sphaerostephanos]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small>
****''[[Strophocaulon]]'' <small>Fawcett & Smith</small>
****''[[Trigonospora]]'' <small>Holttum</small>
Some species of ''Pronephrium'' were split off into other genera in 2021 as a result of a [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] study of the family Thelypteridaceae:<ref name=FawcSmit21>{{Citation |last1=Fawcett |first1=S. |last2=Smith |first2=A.R. |date=2021 |title=A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae |series=Sida, Botanical Miscellany 59 |publication-place=Fort Worth |publisher=Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press |name-list-style=amp }}</ref><ref name=FawcSmitSundBurl21>{{Citation |last1=Fawcett |first1=Susan |last2=Smith |first2=Alan R. |last3=Sundue |first3=Michael |last4=Burleigh |first4=J. Gordon |last5=Sessa |first5=Emily B. |last6=Kuo |first6=Li-Yaung |last7=Chen |first7=Cheng-Wei |last8=Testo |first8=Weston L. |last9=Kessler |first9=Michael |last10=Barrington |first10=David S. |date=2021 |title=A Global Phylogenomic Study of the Thelypteridaceae |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=891–915 |url=https://sessalab.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Thelyp2021.pdf |access-date=2022-06-04 |doi=10.1600/036364421X16370109698650 |s2cid=245512861 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
*''[[Abacopteris]]'' <small>Fée</small>
*''[[Grypothrix]]'' <small>(Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.</small>
*''[[Menisciopsis]]'' <small>(Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm</small>

The extinct genus ''[[Holttumopteris]]'' from the [[Cenomanian]] aged [[Burmese amber]] has been suggested to have affinities with the family, but several important diagnostic characters are not preserved.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Regalado|first1=Ledis|last2=Schmidt|first2=Alexander R.|last3=Krings|first3=Michael|last4=Bechteler|first4=Julia|last5=Schneider|first5=Harald|last6=Heinrichs|first6=Jochen|date=January 2018|title=Fossil evidence of eupolypod ferns in the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00606-017-1439-2|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|language=en|volume=304|issue=1|pages=1–13|doi=10.1007/s00606-017-1439-2|s2cid=21617872|issn=0378-2697}}</ref>