Editing Terni (section)

==History==
{{Main articles|History of Terni, Umbria}}
The city was founded around the 7th century BC by the [[Umbrians]] ''Nahartes'', in a territory inhabited (as testified by archaeological excavations) as early as the [[Bronze Age]]. The [[Iguvine Tablets]] describe these ''Nahartes'' as a strong, numerous people and as the most important enemy of the Umbrian people of [[Gubbio]] (Iguvium). In the 3rd century BC, Terni was conquered by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] and soon became an important ''municipium'' lying on the [[Via Flaminia]] and known under the name ''Interamna'', meaning "between-two-rivers".

In 271 BC the Roman consul [[Manius Curius Dentatus]] ordered the construction of a canal (the Curiano Trench) to divert the water from the marshes in the [[Rieti Valley]] and from Lake Velino over the natural cliff at [[Cascata delle Marmore|Marmore]], creating the waterfall. This caused flooding in the valley around Terni below. For a long time this became the cause of interminable quarrels between the cities of [[Rieti]] and Terni. The issue was so contentious between the two cities that the Roman Senate was forced to address it in 54 BC. [[Aulus Pompeius]] represented Terni, and [[Cicero]] represented Rieti. The [[Roman Senate|Senate]] did nothing about the problem, and the problem remained the same for centuries.

After the [[Lombards|Lombard]] conquest in 755, Terni lost prominence when it was reduced to a secondary town in the [[Duchy of Spoleto]]. In 1174, it was sacked by [[Frederick Barbarossa]]'s general, Archbishop [[Christian I (archbishop of Mainz)|Christian of Mainz]]. In the following century, Terni was one of the sites visited frequently by [[Francis of Assisi|St. Francis]] to give sermons.

In the 14th century Terni issued its own constitution, and from 1353 the walls were enlarged, and new channels were opened. As with many of the Italian communes of the Late Middle Ages, it was beset by civil unrest between the partisans of the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]], and later between the ''Nobili'' and ''Banderari'' (Terni's bourgeoisie). It later joined the [[Papal States]]. In 1580, an [[ironwork]], the Ferriera, was introduced to work the iron ore mined in [[Monteleone di Spoleto]], starting the traditional industrial connotation of the city. In the 17th century, however, the population of Terni declined further due to plagues and famines.

In the 19th century, Terni took advantage of the [[Industrial Revolution]] and of plentiful water sources in the area. New industries included a steelworks, a [[foundry]], as well as weapons, [[jute]] and wool factories. In 1927, Terni became capital of the province.

{{anchor|Allied air attacks}}The presence of important industries made the city a favorite target for the Allied bombardments in [[World War II]]. On August 11, 1943, a raid by 44 [[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]] bombers, which dropped 213 tons of bombs, devastated the city, killing 564 people. It was the first of the 57 airstrikes that destroyed or damaged 40% of Terni's buildings and killed 1,018 civilians. Despite this, industrial environment increased quickly after the war.<ref>{{Cite web |title=11 agosto 1943, alle 10.29 il primo bombardamento a Terni: il racconto di un tragico evento |trans-title=11 August 1943, at 10.29 the first bombing of Terni: the story of a tragic event |url=https://www.ternitoday.it/attualita/11-agosto-1943-racconto-tragico-evento-bombardamento-terni-2019.html |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=TerniToday |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gioannini |first1=Marco |last2=Massobrio |first2=Giulio |year=2007 |title=Bombardate l'Italia. Storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-45 |url=http://rcslibri.corriere.it/bombardatelitalia/bombardate1943.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202213215/http://rcslibri.corriere.it/bombardatelitalia/bombardate1943.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-02 |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=[[Rizzoli Libri]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-11 |title=11 agosto 1943, Terni non dimentica |trans-title=August 11, 1943, Terni does not forget |url=https://www.umbriaon.it/11-agosto-1943-terni-non-dimentica/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=umbriaON |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TERNI in "Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere e Arti" |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/terni_res-fd12fcf9-87e6-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Enciclopedia-Italiana) |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=[[Treccani]] |language=it-IT}}</ref>