Editing Teddy bear (section)

==History==
{{Anchor|Teddy bear (cartoon)}}[[File:TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg|thumb|A 1902 political cartoon in ''[[The Washington Post]]''  spawned the ''teddy bear'' name.]]

The name ''teddy'' ''bear'' comes from [[Theodore Roosevelt]], the 26th [[president of the United States]], who was often referred to as "Teddy" (a nickname he loathed).<ref name=HandyBook>{{cite book|last=Matuz|first=Roger|title=The Handy Presidents Answer Book|url=https://archive.org/details/handypresidentsa0000matu|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Visible Ink Press|location=Canton, MI|isbn=9780780807730}}</ref> The name originated from an incident on a bear-hunting trip in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Mississippi]] in November 1902, to which Roosevelt was invited by [[Andrew H. Longino]], the 35th [[governor of Mississippi]]. There were several other hunters competing, and most of them had already killed an animal. A party of Roosevelt's attendants, led by [[Holt Collier]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.fws.gov/refuges/HoltCollier_history.pdf |title=Holt Collier |access-date=2013-09-26 |author=Minor Ferris Buchanan|publisher=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927222459/https://library.fws.gov/refuges/HoltCollier_history.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-27 |df=mdy-all|url-status=dead}}</ref> cornered, clubbed, and tied an [[American black bear]] to a willow tree after a long and exhausting chase with [[hound]]s. They called Roosevelt to the site and suggested that he should shoot the bear dead, although Collier told Roosevelt not to shoot the bear while it was tied.<ref name="Glave">{{cite book|first1=Dianne D.|last1=Glave|first2=Mark|last2=Stoll|title=To Love the Wind and the Rain: African Americans and Environmental History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9aYPKtP0EgC|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Pre|date=2006|isbn=978-0-8229-7290-7|via=Google Books|pages=ix}}</ref> Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear himself, deeming this unsportsmanlike, but instructed that the bear be killed to put it out of its misery,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-teddy-bear-1992528|title=History of the Teddy Bear|author=Mary Bellis|date=February 28, 2019<!-- updated date-->|access-date=March 7, 2006 <!-- to http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Teddy_Bear.htm which now redirects and refuses to be archived --> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605171711/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-teddy-bear-1992528|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/roosevelt/aa_roosevelt_bears_1.html |title=Teddy Bears| publisher=Library Of Congress |access-date=2007-12-10 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605165329/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/roosevelt/aa_roosevelt_bears_1.html |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> and it became the topic of a [[Editorial cartoon|political cartoon]] by [[Clifford K. Berryman|Clifford Berryman]] in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' on November 16, 1902.<ref name="Clay">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html |title=The History of the Teddy Bear |first=Marianne |last=Clay |year=2002 |magazine=Teddy Bear & Friends |publisher=Madavor Media, LLC |access-date=2007-12-10 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723184018/http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html |archive-date=2011-07-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Real Teddy Bear Story|url=https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=991271&module_id=333084|website=Theodore Roosevelt Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605164924/https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=991271&module_id=333084|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Story of the Teddy Bear - Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|url=https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/storyofteddybear.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605165202/https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/storyofteddybear.htm|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> While the initial cartoon of an adult [[American black bear|black bear]] lassoed by a handler and a disgusted Roosevelt had symbolic overtones, later issues of that and other Berryman cartoons made the bear smaller and cuter.<ref name="theodoreroosevelt.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/tr_teddy.htm|title=Theodore Roosevelt Association. The story of The Teddy Bear|date=2013-02-01|publisher=Theodoreroosevelt.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317024257/http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/tr_teddy.htm|archive-date=2013-03-17|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-09-26 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[Morris Michtom]] saw the Berryman drawing of Roosevelt and was inspired to create a teddy bear. He created a small soft bear cub and put it in his candy-shop window at 404 Tompkins Avenue in [[New York City]] with a sign reading "Teddy's bear." The toys were an immediate success and Michtom founded the [[Ideal Toy Company|Ideal Novelty and Toy Co]].<ref name="LoC"/>

A little earlier in 1902 in Germany, the [[Margarete Steiff GmbH|Steiff firm]] produced a stuffed bear from [[Richard Steiff]]'s designs. Steiff exhibited the toy at the Leipzig Toy Fair in March 1903, where it was seen by Hermann Berg, a buyer for George Borgfeldt & Company in New York (and the brother of the composer [[Alban Berg]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therestisnoise.com/2010/07/berg-festival.html|title=Bring on the Berg|website=Alex Ross: The Rest Is Noise|date=July 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605173204/https://www.therestisnoise.com/2010/07/berg-festival.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He ordered 3,000 to be sent to the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2537943.stm|title=Teddy bear celebrates 100th birthday|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2002-12-03 |df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605173410/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2537943.stm|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Steiff's records show that the bears were produced, they are not recorded as arriving in the U.S., and no example of the type, "55&nbsp;PB", has ever been seen, leading to the story that the bears were [[shipwreck]]ed. However, the shipwreck story is disputed – the author Günther Pfeiffer notes that it was only recorded in 1953 and says it is more likely that the 55&nbsp;PB was not sufficiently durable to survive until the present day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14231337|title=The great teddy bear shipwreck mystery|work=[[BBC News]]|first=Francis|last=Cronin|date=July 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605172958/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14231337|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Steiff and Michtom were both making teddy bears at around the same time, neither would have known of the other's creation due to poor [[Atlantic Ocean|transatlantic]] communication.<ref name="Clay" />

The American writer [[Seymour Eaton]] wrote the children's book series ''The Roosevelt Bears'',<ref name="GLCA">{{cite web| url=http://www.lansdownecivic.com/Pages/hometown_stories/13_eaton.html| title=Seymour Eaton| publisher=Greater Lansdowne Civic Association (GLCA)| year=2003 |access-date=2007-12-10 |df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502144034/http://www.lansdownecivic.com/Pages/hometown_stories/13_eaton.html|archive-date=May 2, 2006|url-status=usurped}}</ref> while the American composer [[John W. Bratton]] wrote an instrumental "[[Teddy bears' picnic|The Teddy Bears' Picnic]]", a "characteristic two-step", in 1907, which later had words written to it by the Irish lyricist [[Jimmy Kennedy]] in 1932.

Early teddy bears were made to look like real bears, with extended snouts and beady eyes. Modern teddy bears tend to have larger eyes and foreheads and smaller noses, which are [[Infant|babylike]] features intended to enhance the toy's "[[cuteness]]". Some teddy bears are also designed to represent different species, such as [[polar bear]]s and [[brown bear]]s, as well as [[giant panda|pandas]] and [[koala]]s.
While early teddy bears were covered in tawny [[mohair]] fur, modern teddy bears are manufactured in a wide variety of commercially available [[fabric]]s, most commonly [[fake fur|synthetic fur]], but also [[velour]], [[denim]], [[cotton]], [[satin]], and [[canvas]].