Editing Ted Stevens (section)

==Early life and career==
===Childhood and youth===
[[File:Ted Stevens as a child.PNG|alt=Toddler Ted Stevens rides on a tricycle; he has a smile. The image is in sepiatone.|left|thumb|upright|Stevens as a toddler, c. 1925]]
Stevens was born November 18, 1923, in [[Indianapolis]], Indiana, the third of four children,<ref name="rootsweb">[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/senators/stevens.htm Theodore Fulton "Ted" Stevens genealogy.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024182519/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/senators/stevens.htm |date=October 24, 2007 }} Rootsweb.com. Retrieved on May 31, 2007.</ref><ref name="whitney-formative">{{cite news|last=Whitney|first=David|date=August 8, 1994|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-1994-08-18/html/CREC-1994-08-18-pt1-PgS26.htm|title=Formative years: Stevens's life wasn't easy growing up in the depression with a divided family|work=Anchorage Daily News|page=A1|access-date=May 15, 2020|via=Congressional Record|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808010522/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-1994-08-18/html/CREC-1994-08-18-pt1-PgS26.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> in a small cottage built by his paternal grandfather after the marriage of his parents, Gertrude S. Chancellor and George A. Stevens. The family later lived in Chicago, where George was an accountant before losing his job during the [[Great Depression]].<ref name="whitney-formative"/><ref name="Mitchell 2001">{{cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Donald Craig|year=2001|title=Take My Land, Take My Life: The Story of Congress's Historic Settlement of Alaska Native Land Claims, 1960–1971|location=Fairbanks, AK|publisher=University of Alaska Press}}</ref>{{rp|220}} Around this time, when Ted Stevens was six years old, his parents divorced, and Stevens and his three siblings moved back to Indianapolis so they could reside with their paternal grandparents, followed shortly thereafter by their father, who developed problems with his eyes which eventually blinded him. Stevens's mother moved to California and sent for Stevens's siblings as she could afford to, but Stevens stayed in Indianapolis helping to care for his father and a mentally disabled cousin, Patricia Acker, who also lived with the family. The only adult in the household with a job was Stevens's grandfather. Stevens helped to support the family by working as a [[Newspaper hawker|newsboy]], and would later remember selling many newspapers on March 1, 1932, when newspaper headlines blared the news of the [[Lindbergh kidnapping]].<ref name="whitney-formative"/>

[[File:Ted Stevens Graduation photo (cropped 3x4).png|thumb|upright|left|alt=Ted Stevens in the Redondo High School Class of 1942 Yearbook. He has a dark suit, black hair, a neutral expression, and a striped tie.|Stevens in the Redondo High School Class of 1942 Yearbook]]
In 1934 Stevens's grandfather punctured a lung in a fall down a tall flight of stairs, contracted [[pneumonia]], and died.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> Stevens's father, George, died in 1957 in [[Tulsa]], Oklahoma, of lung cancer.<ref name="Mitchell 2001"/>{{rp|220}} Stevens and his cousin Patricia moved to [[Manhattan Beach, California]] in 1938, by which time both of Stevens's grandparents had died,<ref name="leader" /> to live with Patricia's mother, Gladys Swindells.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> Stevens attended [[Redondo Union High School]], participating in extracurricular activities including working on the school newspaper and becoming a member of a student theater group affiliated with the [[YMCA]], and, during his senior year, the Lettermen's Society. Stevens also worked at jobs before and after school,<ref name="Mitchell 2001"/>{{rp|220}} but still had time for surfing with his friend Russell Green, the son of the Signal Gas and Oil Company's president, who remained a close friend throughout Stevens's life.<ref name="whitney-formative"/><ref name="life"/>

===Military service===
[[File:Ted Stevens Military.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Stevens while serving, 1943]]
After he graduated from Redondo Union High School in 1942,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://patch.com/california/redondobeach/redondo-remembers-ted-stevens | title=Redondo Remembers Ted Stevens | date=August 13, 2010 }}</ref> Stevens enrolled at [[Oregon State University]] to study engineering,<ref name="Mitchell 2001"/>{{rp|221}} attending for a semester.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> With World War{{spaces}}II in progress, Stevens attempted to join the [[United States Navy|Navy]] and serve in [[naval aviation]], but failed the vision exam. He improved his vision through a course of prescribed eye exercises, and in 1943 he was accepted into an [[United States Army Air Forces|Army Air Force Air Cadet]] program at [[Montana State University – Bozeman|Montana State College]].<ref name="whitney-formative"/><ref name="Mitchell 2001"/>{{rp|221}} Stevens said that, after scoring near the top of his class on an aptitude test for flight training, he was transferred from the program to preflight training in [[Santa Ana, California]], and he received his wings early in 1944.<ref name="whitney-formative"/>
[[File:Plaque honoring Ted Stevens' wartime service.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor]] displays a collection of Stevens's wartime photos and souvenirs in connection to his flying supplies to the [[Flying Tigers]]]]
[[File:President George W. Bush and Senator Ted Stevens welcome World War II veterans of the 322nd Troop Carrier Squadron (87).jpg|thumb|right|Stevens and President [[George W. Bush]] with World War{{spaces}}II veterans of the 322nd Troop Carrier Squadron, 2006]]

Stevens served in the [[China Burma India Theater of World War II|China-Burma-India theater]] with the [[Fourteenth Air Force]] Transport Section, which supported the "[[Flying Tigers]]", from 1944 to 1945. He and other pilots in the transport section flew [[C-46 Commando|C-46]] and [[C-47 Skytrain|C-47]] [[transport plane]]s, often without escort, mostly in support of Chinese units fighting the Japanese.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> Stevens received the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (USA)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] for flying behind enemy lines, the [[Air Medal]], and the Yuan Hai Medal awarded by the [[Republic of China|Chinese Nationalist government]].<ref name="whitney-formative"/> He was discharged from the Army Air Forces in March 1946.<ref name="whitney-formative"/>

===Higher education and law school===
After the war, Stevens attended the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA), where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in [[political science]] in 1947.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> While at UCLA, he was a member of [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] fraternity (Theta Rho chapter).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidents {{!}} DKE |url=https://dke.org/presidents/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512130843/https://dke.org/presidents/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He applied to law school at [[Stanford Law School|Stanford]] and the [[University of Michigan Law School|University of Michigan]], but on the advice of his friend Russell Green's father to "look East", he applied to [[Harvard Law School]], which he ended up attending. Stevens's education was partly financed by the [[G.I. Bill]]; he made up the difference by selling his blood, borrowing money from an uncle, and working several jobs including one as a bartender in Boston.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> During the summer of 1949, Stevens was a research assistant in the office of the [[United States Attorney|U.S. Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of California|Southern District of California]] (now the [[Central District of California]]).<ref name="harvardlawreview">"With the editors{{spaces}}..." 64 ''Harvard Law Review'' vii (1950).</ref><ref name="Mitchell 2001"/>{{rp|222}}

While at Harvard, Stevens wrote a paper on [[maritime law]] that received honorable mention for the Addison Brown prize, a Harvard Law School award for the best student-penned essay related to [[private international law]] or maritime law.<ref name="harvardlawreview"/> The essay later became a ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' article,<ref name="stevens-lawreview">{{cite journal|last=Stevens|first=Theodore F.|title=Erie R.R. v. Tompkins and the Uniform General Maritime Law|volume=64|journal=Harvard Law Review|pages=88–112|year=1950|issue=2|doi=10.2307/1336176|jstor=1336176|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1336176|access-date=May 10, 2023|archive-date=May 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510161852/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1336176|url-status=live}}</ref> and, 45 years later, Justice [[Jay Rabinowitz (jurist)|Jay Rabinowitz]] of the [[Alaska Supreme Court]] praised Stevens's scholarship, telling the ''[[Anchorage Daily News]]'' that the high court had issued a recent opinion citing the article.<ref name="whitney-formative"/> Stevens graduated from Harvard Law School in 1950.<ref name="whitney-formative"/>

===Early legal career===
After graduating, Stevens went to work in the Washington, D.C., law offices of Northcutt Ely.<ref name="harvardlawreview"/><ref name="whitney-roadnorth">{{cite news|last=Whitney|first=David|date=August 9, 1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609200111/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AS&p_theme=as&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline(%22the%20road%20north%20needing%20work%22)%20AND%20section(all)%20AND%20date(all)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(%22the%20road%20north%20needing%20work%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_:D&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes|archive-date=June 9, 2011|title=The road north: Needing work, Stevens borrows $600, answers call to Alaska|work=[[Anchorage Daily News]]|url-status=dead|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AS&p_theme=as&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline(%22the%20road%20north%20needing%20work%22)%20AND%20section(all)%20AND%20date(all)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(%22the%20road%20north%20needing%20work%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_:D&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes}}</ref> Twenty years earlier, Ely had been executive assistant to [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]] [[Ray Lyman Wilbur]] during the [[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]] administration,<ref name="ely">{{cite web|last=Ely|first=Northcutt|date=December 16, 1994|url=http://www.redlandsfortnightly.org/papers/persgulf.htm|title=Doctor Ray Lyman Wilbur: Third President of Stanford & Secretary of the Interior|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171415/http://www.redlandsfortnightly.org/papers/persgulf.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=June 5, 2007}}</ref> and, by 1950, he headed a prominent law firm specializing in [[natural resources]] issues.<ref name="whitney-roadnorth"/> One of Ely's clients, Emil Usibelli, founder of the Usibelli Coal Mine in [[Healy, Alaska]],<ref name="usibelli">Alaska Mining Hall of Fame Foundation. (2006). [http://alaskamininghalloffame.org/inductees/usibelli.php "Emil Usibelli (1893–1964)."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820161622/http://alaskamininghalloffame.org/inductees/usibelli.php |date=August 20, 2016 }} Retrieved on 2007-06-05.</ref> was trying to sell coal to the military, and Stevens was assigned to handle his legal affairs.<ref name="whitney-roadnorth"/>

===Marriage and family===
Early in 1952, Stevens married Ann Mary Cherrington, a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] and the adopted daughter of [[University of Denver]] Chancellor [[Ben Mark Cherrington]]. She had graduated from [[Reed College]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], and during the [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] administration had worked for the [[United States Department of State|State Department]].<ref name="whitney-roadnorth"/>

On December 4, 1978, the crash of a [[Learjet 25]]C on approach at [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport|Anchorage International Airport]] killed five of the seven aboard; Stevens survived, suffering a [[concussion]] and broken ribs,<ref name=recrapd>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rhRWAAAAIBAJ&pg=2507%2C1595345 |via=Eugene Register-Guard |location=Oregon |agency=Associated Press |title=Recovery rapid for Sen. Stevens, doctor reports |date=December 6, 1978 |page=5A |access-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-date=May 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514182403/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rhRWAAAAIBAJ&pg=2507%2C1595345 |url-status=live }}</ref> but his wife, Ann, did not. Stevens would later state in an interview with the Anchorage Times "I can't remember anything that happened." Smiling, he added, "I'm still here. It must be my [[Scottish people|Scots]] blood."<ref name=alsjck>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WuAzAAAAIBAJ&pg=4480%2C3779622 |work=Lodi News-Sentinel |location=California |agency=UPI |title=Alaskan jet crash kills senator's wife |date=December 5, 1978 |page=1 |access-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602170923/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WuAzAAAAIBAJ&pg=4480%2C3779622 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ergappcr>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rRRWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5162%2C1367366 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=Oregon |agency=Associated Press |title=Jet crash injures Sen. Stevens, kills his wife, four other persons |date=December 5, 1978 |page=4A |access-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601153529/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rRRWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5162%2C1367366 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Hosenball|date=August 11, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/declassified/2010/08/11/ntsb-warned-about-alaska-pilots-risky-ways-and-ted-stevens-argued.html|title=NTSB Warned About Alaska Pilots' Risky Ways – and Ted Stevens Argued|magazine=Newsweek|access-date=August 13, 2010|archive-date=August 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815043411/http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/declassified/2010/08/11/ntsb-warned-about-alaska-pilots-risky-ways-and-ted-stevens-argued.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The building which houses the Alaska chapter of the [[American Red Cross]] at 235 East Eighth Avenue in [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] is named in her memory; likewise a reading room at the [[Zachariah J. Loussac|Loussac]] Library.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ann Stevens Room & Galleria |url=https://www.anchoragelibrary.org/services/in-the-library/meeting-rooms/meeting-and-event-space/ann-stevens-room-galleria/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Anchorage Public Library |language=en |archive-date=May 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512125306/https://www.anchoragelibrary.org/services/in-the-library/meeting-rooms/meeting-and-event-space/ann-stevens-room-galleria/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Ted & Ann Stevens' wedding.PNG|alt=Stevens and his wife Ann on the day of their wedding, 1952. Stevens is in a suit, and Ann in a traditional bridal dress. Stevens and Ann both have wide smiles as she sits on his lap while he holds her, in what seems to be a car. The image has a light yellowish-sepiatone tint.|left|thumb|upright|Stevens and his wife Ann on the day of their wedding, 1952]]
Stevens and Ann had three sons (Ben, Walter, and Ted) and two daughters (Susan and Elizabeth).<ref>[https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/beth-stevens-daughter-sen-ted-stevens-dies/2014/02/27/ Stevens family says goodbye to a stalwart sister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209132833/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/beth-stevens-daughter-sen-ted-stevens-dies/2014/02/27/ |date=December 9, 2018 }}, ''[[Alaska Dispatch News]]'', Sean Doogan, February 27, 2014.(Updated: May 31, 2016). Retrieved 29 May 2017.</ref> Democratic Governor [[Tony Knowles (politician)|Tony Knowles]] appointed [[Ben Stevens|Ben]] to the [[Alaska Senate]] in 2001, where he served as the president of the state senate until the fall of 2006.

Ted Stevens remarried in 1980. He and his second wife, Catherine, had a daughter, Lily.

Stevens's last Alaska home was in [[Girdwood, Alaska|Girdwood]], a ski resort community near the southern edge of Anchorage's city limits, about {{convert|40|mi|round=5|spell=in}} by road from [[Downtown (Anchorage)|downtown]]. The home was the subject of media attention after it was raided by FBI & IRS agents in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mauer |first1=Richard |last2=Bolstad |first2=Erika |date=December 21, 2007 |title=Warrant served at Stevens' Girdwood home |url=https://www.adn.com/politics/article/warrant-served-stevens-girdwood-home/2007/12/21/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Anchorage Daily News |language=en |archive-date=May 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512125306/https://www.adn.com/politics/article/warrant-served-stevens-girdwood-home/2007/12/21/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Prostate cancer====
Stevens was a survivor of [[prostate cancer]] and had publicly disclosed his cancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usrf.org/news/colin_powell.html|title=USRF – Colin Powell: Powell Has Surgery for Prostate Cancer|publisher=USRF|access-date=October 28, 2008|archive-date=January 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125065130/http://usrf.org/news/colin_powell.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Robin |date=1992-03-31 |title=THE CANCER MEN DIDN'T TALK ABOUT... UNTIL NOW |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1992/03/31/the-cancer-men-didnt-talk-about-until-now/477e7711-155c-4c49-b667-d7df16ecde32/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=July 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724185645/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1992/03/31/the-cancer-men-didnt-talk-about-until-now/477e7711-155c-4c49-b667-d7df16ecde32/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was nominated for the first Golden Glove Awards for Prostate Cancer by the National Prostate Cancer Coalition (NPCC). He advocated the creation of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program for Prostate Cancer at the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]], which has funded nearly $750{{spaces}}million for prostate cancer research.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://friendsofcancerresearch.org/news/senator-ted-stevens/ | title=Senator Ted Stevens | newspaper=Friends of Cancer Research | date=August 11, 2010 | access-date=May 22, 2023 | archive-date=May 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522231527/https://friendsofcancerresearch.org/news/senator-ted-stevens/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Stevens was a recipient of the Presidential Citation by the [[American Urological Association]] for significantly promoting urology causes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auanet.org/content/about-us/awards.cfm?sub=citations |title=Presidential Citations |publisher=American Urological Association |access-date=November 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114211024/http://www.auanet.org/content/about-us/awards.cfm?sub=citations |archive-date=November 14, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>