Editing Tattoo (section)

==Terminology==
The word ''{{linktext|tattoo}}'', or ''tattow'' in the 18th century, is a [[loanword]] from the [[Samoan language|Samoan]] word {{lang|sm|tatau}}, meaning "to strike",<ref name="covered">{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Beverly Yuen |title=Covered in Ink: Tattoos, Women and the Politics of the Body |date=2015 |location=New York, New York USA |publisher=[[New York University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8147-8920-9 |pages=35–64 |chapter="I Want to Be Covered": Heavily Tattooed Women Challenge the Dominant Beauty Culture |chapter-url=https://cpb-us-west-2-juc1ugur1qwqqqo4.stackpathdns.com/hawksites.newpaltz.edu/dist/1/2245/files/2018/01/Yuen-Thompson_Heavily-Tattooed-Women-1cyuu89.pdf}}</ref><ref name="samoa2">{{cite web |title=Meaning of Tatau 1 |url=https://pasefika.com/Culture/Article/19/sa/Meaning-of-Tatau-1 |publisher=Pasefika Design}}</ref> from [[Proto-Oceanic language|Proto-Oceanic]] *''sau''₃ referring to a [[wingbone]] from a [[flying fox]] used as an instrument for the tattooing process.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://acd.clld.org/cognatesets/31345#3/-11.94/168.74 |title=*sau₃ wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo |last1=Blust |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Blust |last2=Trussel |first2=Stephen |website=Austronesian Comparative Dictionary |date=2010 |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref> The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' gives the [[etymology]] of tattoo as "In 18th c. tattaow, tattow. From [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] (Samoan, [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]], [[Tongan language|Tongan]], etc.) tatau. In [[Marquesan language|Marquesan]], tatu." Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.<ref name="Abington 2010">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=tattoo |encyclopedia=The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide |publisher=Helicon |date=July 2021 |edition=Credo Reference. Web.}}</ref>

The etymology of the body modification term is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the [[Military tattoo|military drumbeat]] or performance. In this case, the English word ''tattoo'' is derived from the Dutch word {{lang|nl|taptoe}}.<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]]</ref>

Ready-made tattoo designs are known as "[[flash (tattoo)|flash]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018 |title=Vintage Tattoo Flash |url=https://motorcitytattoomuseum.com/vintage-tattoo-flash |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Motor City Tattoo Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> Flash sheets are prominently displayed in many tattoo parlors to enable customers to select a pre-drawn image or use them as inspiration for a custom image.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Michalak |first=Jodie |date=February 18, 2022 |title=Flash vs. Custom Tattoos |url=https://www.byrdie.com/what-is-tattoo-flash-3189612 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=Byrdie |language=en}}</ref> Flash may be mass-produced or drawn by tattoo artists who work there.<ref name=":6" />

The Japanese word {{lang|ja-latn|[[irezumi]]}} means "insertion of ink" and can mean tattoos using {{lang|ja-latn|tebori}}, the traditional Japanese hand method, a Western-style machine or any method of tattooing using insertion of ink. Another word used for traditional Japanese tattoo designs is {{lang|ja-latn|[[horimono]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dane |first=Kira |last2=Caprara |first2=David |date=2020-11-17 |title=The Japanese Pilgrimage Where Horimono Tattoos Are Revered |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/japanese-horimono-tattoo-pilgrimage/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref> Japanese may use the word Western ''tattoo'' as a [[loan word]] meaning any non-Japanese styles of tattooing.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

British anthropologist [[Henry Ling Roth|Ling Roth]] in 1900 described four methods of skin marking and suggested they be differentiated under the names "tatu", "[[Tā moko|moko]]", "[[scarification|cicatrix]]" and "[[keloid]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=H. Ling |title=On Permanent Artificial Skin Marks: a definition of terms |date=11 September 1900 |publisher=Anthropological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science |location=Bradford}}</ref> The first is by pricking that leaves the skin smooth as found in places including the Pacific Islands. The second is a tattoo combined with chiseling to leave furrows in the skin as found in places including New Zealand. The third is [[scarification]] using a knife or chisel as found in places including West Africa. The fourth and the last is scarification by irritating and re-opening a preexisting wound, and re-scarification to form a raised scar as found in places including Tasmania, Australia,{{clarify|date=March 2023}} Melanesia and Central Africa.<ref name="Roth">McDougall, Russell and Davidson, Iain; eds. (2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZalJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 The Roth Family, Anthropology, and Colonial Administration]'', p.97. Routledge. {{ISBN|9781315417288}}.</ref>