Editing Tata Group (section)

==History==
[[File:IISc Bangalore.jpg|left|thumb|[[Indian Institute of Science]] in [[Bangalore]] foundation was laid by [[Jamshedji Tata]].]]
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[[File:Taj Mahal Hotel, Mumbai.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] in Mumbai is owned by Tata Group.]]
During the cotton boom in Bombay triggered by the [[American Civil War]], [[Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata|Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata]] and his father became involved with the [[Asiatic Banking Corporation]]. However, when the market declined, the firm faced significant financial difficulties. In 1868, the family’s fortunes improved substantially after securing a share in a profitable contract to supply the commissariat for [[British expedition to Abyssinia|Napier's expedition to Abyssinia]]. Throughout his career, Tata remained focused on four major aspirations: establishing an iron and steel company, building a landmark hotel, founding a world-class educational institution, and developing hydroelectric power.

=== 1868–1937===
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In 1870, with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company.<ref name="tata group Timeline">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline|title=Our Timeline: The Complete Story &#124; Tata group|website=www.tata.com|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020043116/https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline|url-status=live}}</ref> Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at [[Chinchpokli]] and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill, which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at [[Nagpur]] named Empress Mill. During his lifetime, in 1903, the company opened the [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Mahal Hotel]] at [[Colaba]] waterfront as the first hotel with electricity in [[British India]].

After Jamsetji's 1904 death, his older son [[Dorabji Tata]] became chairman.<ref name="tata group Timeline"/> Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), now known as [[Tata Steel]] in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in [[London]]. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to [[Tata Power]]. Fulfilling yet another dream, the [[Indian Institute of Science]] was established, admitting its first group of students in 1911.

=== 1938–1991 ===
[[File:J.R.D. Tata (1955).jpg|thumb|[[J. R. D. Tata]] was chairman of Tata Group 1938–1991.]]
[[J. R. D. Tata]] was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|title=Tata Group {{!}} History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-20|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007040236/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1932, Tata founded an airline, known as [[Air India|Tata Air Services]] (later renamed Tata Airlines).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline | title=Our Timeline: The Complete Story &#124; Tata group }}</ref> In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from [[Tata Sons]], though JRD Tata would continue as chairman until 1977.

In 1945, [[Tata Motors]] was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with [[Daimler-Benz]]. In 1968, [[Tata Consultancy Services]] was founded.

=== 1991–2024 ===
[[File:Shri Ratan Naval Tata.jpg|thumb|[[Ratan Tata]], the former chairman of the company, led the acquisition of several companies by Tata Group.]]
In 1991, [[Ratan Tata]] became chairman of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's a brief history of the Tata Group's six chairmen|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=25 October 2016 |archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027054114/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This was also the year of [[economic liberalization in India]], opening up the market to foreign competitors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=One more push|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|access-date=2020-07-31|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831091728/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought [[Tetley]] In February 2000. After that, it acquired [[Tata Steel Europe|Corus Group]] in 2007. The next year, the company's subsidiary [[Tata Motors]] launched the [[Tata Nano]], presenting it as "the world’s most affordable car," and acquired [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]] and [[Land Rover]] from [[Ford Motor Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's cheapest car debuts in India |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-cheapest-car-debuts-in-india |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=HISTORY |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319093344/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-cheapest-car-debuts-in-india |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2017, [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]] was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in [[e-commerce]], expanded its airline business by winning a bid for [[Air India]], and completely bought [[Air Asia India]]. He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shinde|first=Shivani|date=2021-12-27|title=Chandrasekaran lists 4 themes for Tata group, warns of Covid impact|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/chandrasekaran-lists-4-themes-for-tata-group-warns-of-covid-impact-121122700818_1.html|access-date=2021-12-28|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228211511/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/chandrasekaran-lists-4-themes-for-tata-group-warns-of-covid-impact-121122700818_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tata-owned Air India got approval to acquire [[AirAsia India]] nearly two months after putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bewoor, Sir Gurunath Venkatesh, (died 29 Nov. 1950), ICS (retired); Director, Tata Industries Ltd, Bombay; Director-in-charge Air-India and Air-India International |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593 |access-date=2022-06-17 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105619/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-222593 |url-status=live }}</ref>