Editing Tangerine Dream (section)

==History==
===Origins: psychedelia and krautrock===
Edgar Froese arrived in [[West Berlin]] in the mid-1960s to study art. His first band, the [[psychedelic rock]]-styled ''The Ones'', disbanded after releasing only one single. After The Ones, Froese experimented with musical ideas, playing smaller gigs with a variety of musicians. Most of these performances were in the famous [[Zodiak Free Arts Lab]], although one grouping also had the distinction of being invited to play for the surrealist painter [[Salvador Dalí]]. The music was partnered with literature, painting, early forms of [[multimedia]], and more. It seemed as though only the most outlandish ideas attracted any attention, leading Froese to comment: "In the absurd often lies what is artistically possible." As members of the group came and went, the direction of the music continued to be inspired by the [[Surrealism|Surrealists]], and the group came to be called by the surreal-sounding name of Tangerine Dream, inspired by mishearing the line "tangerine trees and marmalade skies" from [[the Beatles]]' track "[[Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds]]".<ref name="derogatis">{{cite book |first=Jim |last=DeRogatis |author-link=Jim DeRogatis |title=Turn on Your Mind: Four Decades of Great Psychedelic Rock |date=2003 |location=Milwaukee |publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation |page=263 |isbn=0-634-05548-8}}</ref>

Froese was fascinated by technology and skilled in using it to create music. He built [[custom-made instrument]]s and, wherever he went, collected sounds with tape recorders for use in constructing musical works later. His early work with tape loops and other repeating sounds was the obvious precursor to the emerging technology of the [[music sequencer|sequencer]], which Tangerine Dream quickly adopted upon its arrival.

Released in 1970 by record label [[Ohr (record label)|Ohr]], the first Tangerine Dream album, ''[[Electronic Meditation]]'', was a tape-collage [[Krautrock]] piece, using the technology of the time rather than the synthesized music they later became famous for. The line-up for the album was Froese, Klaus Schulze, and [[Conrad Schnitzler]]. ''Electronic Meditation'' began the period known as the ''Pink Years'' (the Ohr logo was a pink ear). Subsequent albums, beginning with ''[[Alpha Centauri (album)|Alpha Centauri]]'', relied heavily on electronic instruments. The band's music during the early 1970s prominently featured organ from Steve Schroyder (on ''Alpha Centauri'') or [[Peter Baumann]] (on subsequent releases), commonly augmented by guitar from Froese and drums from [[Christopher Franke]]. They also started their heavy usage of the [[Mellotron]] during this period.<ref name="phase1">{{cite book |last=Stump |first=Paul |title=Digital Gothic: A Critical Discography of Tangerine Dream |date=1999 |publisher=Firefly Publishing |isbn= 0-946719-18-7 |pages=29–48}}</ref>

===Rise to fame: the Virgin years===
The band's 1973 album ''[[Atem (album)|Atem]]'' was named as one of British DJ [[John Peel]]'s records of the year, and this attention helped Tangerine Dream to sign to the fledgling [[Virgin Records]] in the same year.<ref name="Larkin"/> Soon afterward they released the album ''[[Phaedra (album)|Phaedra]]'', an eerie soundscape that unexpectedly reached No. 15 in the [[UK Albums Chart]] and became one of Virgin's first bona fide hits.<ref name="Larkin"/> ''Phaedra'' was one of the first commercial albums to feature sequencers and came to define much more than just the band's own sound. The creation of the album's title track was something of an accident: the band was experimenting in the studio with a recently acquired [[Moog synthesizer]], and the tape happened to be rolling at the time. They kept the results and later added recorder, bass guitar, and [[Mellotron]] performances. The Moog, like many other early synthesizers, was so sensitive to changes in temperature that its oscillators would drift badly in tuning as the equipment warmed up, and this drift can easily be heard on the final recording. This album marked the beginning of the period known as the 'Virgin Years'.

Their mid-1970s work has been profoundly influential in the development of electronic music styles such as [[New-age music|new-age]] (although the band themselves disliked the term)<ref>{{cite web |last=Fatali |first=Liberi |title=Tangerine Dream: Madcap's Flaming Duty |work=Sputnikmusic |url=https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/15463/Tangerine-Dream-Madcaps-Flaming-Duty/ |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> and [[electronic dance music]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web|author=Perrone, Pierre|title=Edgar Froese : Leader of electronic band Tangerine Dream whose influence has been felt for more than four decades|date=27 January 2015|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/edgar-froese-leader-of-electronic-band-tangerine-dream-whose-influence-has-been-felt-for-more-than-10006676.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/edgar-froese-leader-of-electronic-band-tangerine-dream-whose-influence-has-been-felt-for-more-than-10006676.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>

In the 1980s, along with other electronic music pioneers such as [[Jean-Michel Jarre]] (with whom Edgar Froese collaborated on Jarre's 2015 album ''[[Electronica 1: The Time Machine]]'') and [[Vangelis]], the band were early adopters of the new [[Digital data|digital]] technology, which revolutionized the sound of the synthesizer, although the group had been using digital equipment (in some shape or form) as early as the mid-1970s. Their technical competence and extensive experience in their early years with self-made instruments and unusual means of creating sounds meant that they were able to exploit this new technology to make music quite unlike anything heard before.

===Tangerine Dream live===
Tangerine Dream's earliest concerts were visually simple by modern standards, with three men sitting motionless for hours alongside massive electronic boxes festooned with patch cords and a few flashing lights. Some concerts were even performed in complete darkness, as happened during the performance at [[York Minster]] on 20 October 1975. As time went on and technology advanced, the concerts became much more elaborate, with visual effects, lighting, lasers, pyrotechnics, and projected images. By 1977 their North American tour featured full-scale [[Laserium]] effects.

Through the 1970s and 1980s, the band toured extensively. The concerts generally included large amounts of unreleased and improvised material and were consequently widely [[Bootleg recording|bootlegged]]. They were notorious for playing extremely loudly  and for a long time. The band released recordings of a fair number of their concerts, and on some of these the band worked out material that would later form the backbone of their studio recordings.

===Forays into vocals===
[[File:E-mu Audity.jpg|thumb|right|The [[E-mu Audity]] synthesizer, commissioned by Peter Baumann in 1979]]
Most of Tangerine Dream's albums are entirely instrumental.  Two earlier albums that prominently featured lyrics were ''[[Cyclone (Tangerine Dream album)|Cyclone]]'' (1978)<ref name=UC>{{cite web|work=Uncut|url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/reviews/album/tangerine-dream-search-hades-virgin-%E2%80%A8recordings-1973-1979|title=Tangerine Dream – In Search Of Hades: The Virgin Recordings 1973–1979|author=Pinnock, Tom|date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> and ''[[Tyger (album)|Tyger]]'' (1987). While there were occasionally a few vocals on the band's other releases, such as the track "Kiew Mission" from 1981's ''[[Exit (Tangerine Dream album)|Exit]]'' and "The Harbor" from 1987's ''[[Shy People]]'', the group only returned to featuring vocals on a larger scale in a musical trilogy based on [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s ''[[Divine Comedy]]''. This was followed by a 2007 album ''[[Madcap's Flaming Duty]]'' and a 2010 cover collection ''[[Under Cover – Chapter One]]''.

After their 1980 [[East Berlin]] gig, when they became one of the first major Western bands to perform in a communist country, Tangerine Dream released a double live album of one of their performances there, called ''[[Poland (album)|Poland]]'', recorded during their tour in the winter at the end of 1983. With ''Poland'', the band moved to the Jive Electro label, marking the beginning of the ''Blue Years''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jive Electro|url=https://www.discogs.com/label/432-Jive-Electro|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Discogs|language=en}}</ref>

===Soundtracks===
Throughout the 1980s, Tangerine Dream composed scores for more than 20 films. This had been an interest of Froese's since the late 1960s, when he scored and acted in the experimental film "''Auf Scheißer schießt man nicht''", directed by [[Hansjürgen Pohland]]. Many of the group's soundtracks were composed at least partially of reworked material from the band's studio albums or work that was in progress for upcoming albums; see, for example, the resemblance between the track "Igneous" on their soundtrack for ''[[Thief (soundtrack)|Thief]]'' and the track "Thru Metamorphic Rocks" on their studio release ''[[Force Majeure (Tangerine Dream album)|Force Majeure]]''. Their first exposure on US television came when a track for the then in-progress album ''[[Le Parc (album)|Le Parc]]'' was used as the theme for the television program, ''[[Street Hawk]]''. Some of the more famous soundtracks have been ''[[Sorcerer (soundtrack)|Sorcerer]]'', ''[[Thief (soundtrack)|Thief]]'', ''[[Legend (Tangerine Dream soundtrack)|Legend]]'', ''[[Risky Business (soundtrack)|Risky Business]]'', ''[[The Keep (Tangerine Dream album)|The Keep]]'',<ref name=U>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/movies/tangerine-dreams-music-in-bamcinematek-series.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Underscoring the Drama in the Dark |author=Rapold, Nicolas |date=June 1, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Firestarter (soundtrack)|Firestarter]]'',<ref>{{cite web |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A0CE0DD1E38F932A25756C0A962948260 |title=SCREEN: 'FIRESTARTER', A STEPHEN KING STORY |author-link=Vincent Canby |author=Canby, Vincent |date=May 11, 1984}}</ref> ''[[Flashpoint (1984 film)|Flashpoint]]'',<ref>{{cite web |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9805E3DB1038F932A0575BC0A962948260 |title=SCREEN: 'FLASHPOINT', WITH KRIS KRISTOFFERSON |author-link=Janet Maslin |author=Maslin, Janet |date=August 31, 1984}}</ref> ''[[Heartbreakers (1984 film)|Heartbreakers]]'', ''[[Shy People]]'', and ''[[Near Dark]]''.<ref>{{cite web |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0DE0D71439F937A35753C1A961948260 |title=Film: 'Near Dark', a Tale of Vampires on the Road |author=James, Caryn |date=October 4, 1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|title=Film: 'Identification of a Woman' |author=Michelangelo, Antonioni |date=October 21, 1982}}</ref>

Tangerine Dream also composed 35 hours of music stems for the video game, ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]''.<ref name="gamescores">{{cite magazine |author=Shamoon, Evan |title=Inside The Grand Theft Auto V Soundtrack |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=28 August 2013 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/inside-the-grand-theft-auto-v-soundtrack-20130828 |access-date=15 September 2017 |archive-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153755/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/inside-the-grand-theft-auto-v-soundtrack-20130828 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2016, Tangerine Dream released their own version of the [[theme music]] for the television series ''[[Stranger Things]]''.<ref name=RS>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-tangerine-dreams-eerie-take-on-stranger-things-theme-w439301 |title=Hear Tangerine Dream's Spooky Cover of 'Stranger Things' Theme |author=Kreps, Daniel |date=12 September 2016 |access-date=15 September 2017 |archive-date=20 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920063941/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-tangerine-dreams-eerie-take-on-stranger-things-theme-w439301 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Tangerine Dream had inspired music for the series.<ref name=RS/>

===Going independent===
Several of the band's albums released during the 1990s were nominated for Grammy Awards.<ref>{{allMusic |last=Brenholts |first=Jim |title= Tangerine Dream — The Grammy Nominated Albums |date=2014 |id=the-grammy-nominated-albums-mw0000616820}}</ref> Since then, Tangerine Dream with Jerome Froese took a directional change away from the new-age leanings of those albums and toward an electronica style. After Jerome's departure, founder Edgar Froese steered the band in a direction somewhat reminiscent of material throughout their career.

In later years, Tangerine Dream released albums in series. The ''Dream Mixes'' series began in 1995 with the last being released in 2010. The ''Divine Comedy'' series, based on the writings of Dante Alighieri, spanned 2002–2006. From 2007 to 2010, the ''Five Atomic Seasons'' were released. Most recently, the ''Eastgate Sonic Poems'' series, based on the works of famous poetic authors such as Edgar Allan Poe and Franz Kafka, began in 2011, with the last appearing in 2013. Also, beginning in 2007, Tangerine Dream released a number of EPs, referred to as "CupDiscs" by the band.

Edgar Froese also released a number of solo recordings, which are similar in style to Tangerine Dream's work. Jerome Froese released a number of singles as TDJ Rome, which are similar to his work within the ''Dream Mixes'' series. In 2005, he released his first solo album ''Neptunes'' under the name Jerome Froese.  In 2006, Jerome left Tangerine Dream to concentrate on his solo career. His second solo album ''Shiver Me Timbers'' was released on 29 October 2007, and his third, ''Far Side of the Face'', was released in 2012. Beginning in 2011, Jerome Froese joined with former Tangerine Dream member Johannes Schmoelling and keyboardist Robert Waters to form the band Loom, which plays original material, as well as Tangerine Dream classics. Thorsten Quaeschning, leader of Picture Palace Music, was brought into Tangerine Dream in 2005 and contributed to most of the band's albums and CupDiscs since then.

The group had recording contracts with Ohr, Virgin, [[Jive Electro]], Private Music, and Miramar, and many of the minor soundtracks were released on Varèse Sarabande. In 1996, the band founded their own record label, '''TDI''', and more recently, '''Eastgate'''. Subsequent albums are today generally not available in normal retail channels but are sold by [[mail-order]] or through online channels. The same applies to their Miramar releases, the rights to which the band bought back. Meanwhile, their Ohr and Jive Electro catalogs (known as the "Pink" and "Blue" Years) are currently owned by [[Esoteric Recordings]]. 

Since 2017, Tangerine Dream has been signed to the independent label [[Kscope]], which has released their studio albums Quantum Gate, Recurring Dreams and Raum.

===Concert updates===
[[File:Tangerine-dream-blo--w.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Tangerine Dream performing in 2007]]
To celebrate their 40th anniversary (1967–2007), Tangerine Dream announced their only UK concert: at London Astoria on 20 April 2007. The band also played a totally free open-air concert in [[Eberswalde]] on 1 July 2007 and at the [[Alte Oper]] in Frankfurt on Main on 7 October 2007. 2008 saw the band in [[Eindhoven]] Netherlands playing at E-Day (an electronic music festival); later in the year they also played the Night of the Prog Festival in [[Loreley]], Germany, as well as concerts at the Kentish Town Forum, in London on 1 November, at the Picture House, Edinburgh on 2 November, and their first live concert in the US for over a decade, at the [[UCLA]] [[Royce Hall]], Los Angeles on 7 November.

In 2009, the group announced that they would play a concert at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London, on 1 April 2010, titled the Zeitgeist concert, 35 years after their milestone concert there on 2 April 1975. The entire concert was released as a 3-CD live album on 7 July 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zeitgeist Concert – 3CD Set |website=Eastgate Music Shop |url=https://www.ssl-id.de/edgarfroese.de/shop/products.php?p=51be2a |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150127130909/https://www.ssl-id.de/edgarfroese.de/shop/products.php?p=51be2a |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-01-27 }}</ref>

Tangerine Dream embarked in spring and summer 2012 on a tour of Europe, Canada and the USA called ''The Electric Mandarine Tour 2012'':<ref>
{{cite web |title=Concert Dates |website=Tangerinedream-music.com |url=http://www.tangerinedream-music.com/index.php?/concert_dates.php|access-date=2012-01-27}}</ref> The 1st leg was a 5-date European tour, beginning on 10 April in Budapest (Hungary) via Padua (Italy), Milano (Italy), Zurich (Switzerland), and ending on 10 May in Berlin (Germany). The 2nd leg was a North-American tour that started with the Jazz Festival in Montréal (Canada) on 30 June, followed by a concert on 4 July at the Bluesfest in Ottawa (Canada) and continued as a 10-date US journey beginning in July in Boston, then New York, Philadelphia, Washington, and California. On 16 November 2014, Tangerine Dream performed in Melbourne, Australia, as part of Melbourne Music Week. They were the final shows with Froese.<ref>{{cite web |title=Melbourne Music Week Tangerine Dream |website=Victorian Government |url=http://www.vic.gov.au/event/2014/11/melbourne-music-week-tangerine-dream.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033753/http://www.vic.gov.au/event/2014/11/melbourne-music-week-tangerine-dream.html |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>  Tangerine Dream played two consecutive nights at the [[Union Chapel, Islington]] London on April 23 & 24 2018, the second supported by ex-[[Japan (band)|Japan]] and [[Porcupine Tree]] musician [[Richard Barbieri]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} In October and November 2019, Tangerine Dream went on its 16 step ''Random & Revision'' Tour.

2023 saw the band embark on the largest tour of their entire career, including a 19-date tour of North America (September 8 – October 5: taking in Miami, Asheville, Atlanta, Dallas, Austin, Albuquerque, Tucson, San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Vancouver, Seattle, Philadelphia, Washington, New York, Montreal, Toronto and Chicago), 13-dates in Germany (October 10 – 28), and 10-dates in the UK (November 5 – 14){{cn|date=June 2024}}

===After Edgar Froese's death===
Edgar Froese died suddenly in [[Vienna]] on 20 January 2015 from a [[pulmonary embolism]].<ref name="guardianobit">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jan/23/tangerine-dream-founder-edgar-froese-dies|title=Tangerine Dream founder Edgar Froese dies|work=The Guardian|date=23 January 2015|access-date=24 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/rip_tangerine_dreams_edgar_froese|title=R.I.P. Tangerine Dream's Edgar Froese|work=[[Exclaim!]]|date=23 January 2015|access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> On 6 April 2015, the group's remaining members (Quaeschning, Schnauss and Yamane) and Bianca Acquaye (Froese's widow), pledged to continue working together in an effort to fulfill Froese's vision for the group. However, ex-member [[Jerome Froese]] announced on his Facebook timeline that, in his opinion, Tangerine Dream will not exist without his father.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=784787968275463&set=a.109533702467563.23956.100002328016962&type=1 |title=Jerome Froese – Timeline Photos |publisher=Facebook |access-date=2016-01-27}}</ref>

Tangerine Dream played their first show following Froese's death on 9 June 2016 in [[Szczecin]], Poland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internationales Festival für Elektronische Musik|first=Edgar|last=Froese|url=http://www.schwingungen-festival.de/programm/tangerine-dream/|website=Schwingungen-festival.de}}</ref>

On 29 September 2017, Tangerine Dream released their new studio album entitled, ''Quantum Gate'', celebrating the 50th anniversary of the band's foundation. The album is based on ideas and musical sketches by founder Edgar Froese and was completed by the remaining members of the band.<ref name="kscopemusic.com Tangerine Dream Quantum Gate Tear Down the Grey Skies">{{cite web |url=http://www.kscopemusic.com/artists/tangerinedream/|title=Tangerine Dream – The new studio album, Quantum Gate Celebrating 50 years of Tangerine Dream – Listen to the first song "Tear Down the Grey Skies" above|date=September 2017|website=Kscopemusic.com|access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>

On 31 January 2020, Tangerine Dream re-released their December 2019 album ''Recurring Dreams'', an eleven-track collection of new recordings of some of the band's classic tracks, worldwide through [[Kscope]]. This was launched to coincide with the ''Tangerine Dream: Zeitraffer'' exhibition, which opened on 17 January 2020 at [[London]]'s [[Barbican Centre|Barbican]] and runs until 2 May 2020.<ref name="www.loudersound.com Tangerine Dream Recurring Dreams">{{cite web |url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/tangerine-dream-to-revisit-classic-tracks-on-recurring-dreams-album |title=Tangerine Dream to revisit classic tracks on Recurring Dreams album – Tangerine Dream's 2020 lineup will release 11-track album to coincide with London's Zeitraffer Exhibition – listen to 2014 version of Phaedra (by Scott Munro (Prog)) |date= 18 January 2020 |website=Loudersound.com |access-date= 31 January 2020}}</ref>

On 9 June 2020, [[Brandt Brauer Frick|Paul Frick]] became the first member to join the group following Edgar's death after having made guest appearances with the band, starting in November 2018. Later on, the group started working on a new studio album entitled, ''[[Raum (album)|Raum]]'', featuring Froese's archival recordings in early 2022 via Kscope.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/TANGERINEDREAM.OFFICIAL/posts/4733723393369196 | title=Working on the new album in Berlin | url-access=registration | website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Frick has the unique distinction of being the first addition to the group who did not ever personally meet Froese.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10224663309634272&set=p.10224663309634272&type=3 | title=Unknown| website=[[Facebook]]}}{{Dead link | date=November 2024 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

It was announced on 22 June 2021 that Ulrich Schnauss has decided to stop performing live. Since then, the band's official website lists him as a former member.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=5692547064153486&id=128514197223495 | title=Due to the current situation, Ulrich Schnauss has decided to step back from playing live with Tangerine Dream | website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

In March 2023, the band embarked on the longest tour of their entire career, with concerts in Portugal ([[Casa da Música]]), Switzerland ([[Geneva]]'s Electron Festival), the Netherlands (3-date tour), Belgium (Het Depot), France ([[La Gaîté Lyrique]]), Poland (2-date tour), Romania ([[Transilvania International Film Festival]]), the United States (16-date tour), Canada (3-date tour), Germany (12-date tour), the United Kingdom (10-date tour), and Poland (1-date).