Editing Tanana, Alaska (section)

== History ==
[[File:Tanana, Alaska (1920).jpg|thumb|right|Arrival of mail, 1920]]
Prior to arrival of colonizers in early 1860, the point of land at the confluence of the Tanana and Yukon Rivers (Nuchalawoyyet, spelled differently in historic accounts) was a traditional meeting and trading place used by members of several indigenous groups. There were as many as five different Athabascan languages spoken in the area in 1868 when the French-Canadian François Xavier Mercier established the first fur trading-post in the area. Noukelakayet Station, later known as Fort Adams, was located on the north bank of the Yukon, about 15 miles downstream from the mouth of the Tanana River.<ref>Merçier, François Xavier.  Recollections of the Youkon:  Memoires from the Years 1868-1885.  Alaska Historical Studies in History No. 188.  Linda Finn Yarborough, Anchorage, Alaska, 1986: 102.</ref>

Subsequently, an Anglican mission and several other trading posts were established nearby. In 1898 the U.S. Army, under the leadership of Capt. P.H. Ray, founded Ft. Gibbon at the present location of Tanana.  Ft. Gibbon's purpose was to oversee shipping and trading, maintain civil order, and install and take care of telegraph lines connecting to Nome and to Tanana Crossing, on the way to Valdez.  All other Euro-American activities in the area near the Tanana-Yukon confluence moved upriver to accommodate Ft. Gibbon and the increased steamboat traffic caused by gold seekers.  St. James Church moved to the present site of Tanana to serve the Euro-American population, and the Mission of Our Savior was constructed at the bottom of a hill opposite the confluence. The mission site became a center of activity for indigenous people in the area.  Ft. Gibbon closed in 1923, but the town and mission remained.

In the 1930s a regional hospital was built in Tanana, and the Native Village of Tanana was officially chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1939. The hospital served people throughout most of the rural northern regions of Alaska until 1982. During World War II  Tanana's airfield was one of the stops for aircraft en route to Russia as part of the Lend-Lease program. Postwar, a [[White Alice Communications System|White Alice]] communications site was built on a hill nine miles behind Tanana, as a part of the Cold War Era's Distant Early Warning system (DEW-Line). Also during the 1950s the mission closed and the indigenous families still living at the mission site moved down to the main town.<ref>Alaska Department of Commerce.  Alaska Community Database Community Information Summaries.  Website, 2011.  Home page at http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CF_COMDB.htm</ref><ref>Bureau of Indian Affairs, United States Department of the Interior. Corporate Charter of the Native Village of Tanana, approved May 15, 1939; printed by U.S. Government Printing Office 1950. Retrieved from http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/tanachrtr.htmlon May 4, 2008.</ref><ref>Gaede-Penner, Naomi. Honoring Our Sacred Healing Place: Tanana, Alaska: Development, History, Community and Cultural Significance of the Tanana Hospital Complex. Alaska Area Native Health Service, Anchorage, AK, 2012: 35 pages.</ref><ref>Huntington, Sidney, as told to Jim Rearden. Shadows on the Koyukuk. Alaska Northwest Books, Anchorage, AK, 1993: pp. 165-167</ref>