Editing Tagalog language (section)

==Classification==
Tagalog is a [[Central Philippine languages|Central Philippine language]] within the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] language family. Being [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]], it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Tetum language|Tetum]] (of Timor), and [[Yami language|Yami]] (of Taiwan).<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=M. P. |last2=Simons |first2=G. F. |last3=Fennig |first3=C. D. |date=2014 |title=Tagalog |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tgl |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |access-date=July 30, 2015 |archive-date=December 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212163108/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/TGL |url-status=live }}</ref> It is closely related to the languages spoken in the [[Bicol Region]] and the [[Visayas]] islands, such as the [[Bikol languages|Bikol group]] and the [[Visayan languages|Visayan group]], including [[Waray language|Waray-Waray]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] and [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]].<ref name="ethnologue.com" />

Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the [[Proto-Philippine language|Proto-Philippine]] [[schwa]] vowel {{IPA|*ə}}. In most [[Bikol languages|Bikol]] and [[Visayan languages|Visayan]] languages, this sound merged with {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|[o]}}. In Tagalog, it has merged with {{IPA|/i/}}. For example, Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*dəkət}} (adhere, stick) is Tagalog ''dikít'' and Visayan & Bikol ''dukót''.

Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*r}}, {{IPA|*j}}, and {{IPA|*z}} merged with {{IPA|/d/}} but is {{IPA|/l/}} between vowels. Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*ŋajan}} (name) and {{IPA|*hajək}} (kiss) became Tagalog ''ngalan'' and ''halík''. Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes {{IPA|/r/}} instead: ''bayád'' (paid) → ''bayaran'' (to pay).

Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*R}} merged with {{IPA|/ɡ/}}. {{IPA|*tubiR}} (water) and {{IPA|*zuRuʔ}} (blood) became Tagalog ''tubig'' and ''dugô''.