Editing Tactile illusion (section)

==Passive tactile spatiotemporal illusions==
Several tactile illusions are caused by dynamic stimulus sequences that press against the stationary skin surface.

*One of the best known passive tactile spatiotemporal illusions is the [[cutaneous rabbit illusion]], in which a sequence of taps at two separated skin locations results in the perception that intervening skin regions were also tapped.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Geldard|first=F. A.|author2=Sherrick, C. E. |title=Cutaneous "Rabbit": A Perceptual Illusion|journal=Science|date=13 October 1972|volume=178|issue=4057|pages=178–179|doi=10.1126/science.178.4057.178|pmid=5076909|s2cid=41846475}}</ref><ref name="Goldreich_Tong_2013">{{cite journal|last1=Goldreich|first1=Daniel|last2=Tong|first2=Jonathan|title=Prediction, Postdiction, and Perceptual Length Contraction: A Bayesian Low-Speed Prior Captures the Cutaneous Rabbit and Related Illusions|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|date=2013|volume=4|pages=221|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00221|pmid=23675360|pmc=3650428|doi-access=free}}</ref> The rabbit illusion, also called sensory saltation,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Geldard|first1=Frank A.|title=Saltation in somesthesis.|journal=Psychological Bulletin|date=1982|volume=92|issue=1|pages=136–175|doi=10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.136|pmid=7134325}}</ref> occurs in vision<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khuu|first1=S. K.|last2=Kidd|first2=J. C.|last3=Badcock|first3=D. R.|title=The influence of spatial orientation on the perceived path of visual saltatory motion|journal=Journal of Vision|date=15 August 2011|volume=11|issue=9|pages=5|doi=10.1167/11.9.5|pmid=21844167|doi-access=free}}</ref> and audition<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Getzmann|first1=Stephan|title=Exploring auditory saltation using the "reduced-rabbit" paradigm.|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance|date=2009|volume=35|issue=1|pages=289–304|doi=10.1037/a0013026|pmid=19170489}}</ref> as well as in touch.
*The [[tau effect]] or perceptual length contraction<ref name="Goldreich_2007">{{cite journal|last1=Goldreich|first1=Daniel|title=A Bayesian Perceptual Model Replicates the Cutaneous Rabbit and Other Tactile Spatiotemporal Illusions|journal=PLOS ONE|date=28 March 2007|volume=2|issue=3|pages=e333|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000333|pmid=17389923|pmc=1828626|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Goldreich_Tong_2013" /><ref name="Tong_Ngo_Goldreich_2016">{{cite journal|last1=Tong|first1=Jonathan|last2=Ngo|first2=Vy|last3=Goldreich|first3=Daniel|title=Tactile length contraction as Bayesian inference|journal=Journal of Neurophysiology|date=1 August 2016|volume=116|issue=2|pages=369–379|doi=10.1152/jn.00029.2016|pmid=27121574|pmc=4969385}}</ref> is an illusion in which equally spaced taps to the skin are perceived as unequally spaced, depending on the timing between the taps. Specifically, a shorter temporal interval between two taps causes the illusion that the taps are closer together spatially.<ref name="Tong_Ngo_Goldreich_2016" /> This illusion occurs also in vision<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bill|first1=JC|last2=Teft|first2=LW|title=Space-time relations: the effects of variations in stimulus and interstimulus interval duration on perceived visual extent.|journal=Acta Psychologica|date=November 1972|volume=36|issue=5|pages=358–69|pmid=4644729|doi=10.1016/0001-6918(72)90032-7}}</ref> and audition.<ref name ="Sarrazin et al 2005">{{cite journal|last1=Sarrazin|first1=Jean-Christophe|last2=Giraudo|first2=Marie-Dominique|last3=Pittenger|first3=John Bruce|title=Tau and Kappa effects in physical space: the case of audition|journal=Psychological Research|date=7 October 2005|volume=71|issue=2|pages=201–218|doi=10.1007/s00426-005-0019-1|pmid=16211410|s2cid=9130797}}</ref>
*The [[kappa effect]] or perceptual time dilation<ref name="Goldreich_2007" /> is a complementary illusion to the [[tau effect]]: taps separated by equal temporal intervals are perceived to be separated by unequal temporal interval, depending on the spatial intervals between the taps. Specifically, a longer spatial interval between taps causes the illusion that the taps are separated more in time. This illusion occurs also in vision<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Youguo|last2=Zhang|first2=Bangwu|last3=Kording|first3=Konrad Paul|last4=Luo|first4=Wenbo|title=Speed Constancy or Only Slowness: What Drives the Kappa Effect|journal=PLOS ONE|date=21 April 2016|volume=11|issue=4|pages=e0154013|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0154013|pmid=27100097|pmc=4839579|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ogata|first1=Katsuya|last2=Kuroda|first2=Tsuyoshi|last3=Miyazaki|first3=Makoto|last4=Grondin|first4=Simon|last5=Tobimatsu|first5=Shozo|title=The Kappa Effect With Only Two Visual Markers|journal=Multisensory Research|date=31 October 2016|volume=29|issue=8|pages=703–725|doi=10.1163/22134808-00002533|doi-access=free}}</ref> and audition.<ref name ="Sarrazin et al 2005" />
*If a person exposes their forearm and closes their eyes or turns their head in the opposite direction while a second person slowly traces a finger from the wrist upward to the crook of the elbow, many people are unable to say when the crease of their elbow is being touched.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brugger|first1=Peter|last2=Meier|first2=Rebekka|title=A New Illusion at Your Elbow|journal=Perception|date=January 2015|volume=44|issue=2|pages=219–221|doi=10.1068/p7910|pmid=26561974|s2cid=12477186|url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/115488/1/Brugger%20%26%20Meier%202014%20%28for%20ZORA%29.pdf}}</ref>
*One of the least known passive tactile spatiotemporal illusions is the twisted lip illusion, in which a vertical edge touched to the two lips during a grimace is perceived to be tilted in the direction opposite to the skewed lips.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anstis|first1=Stuart M.|last2=Tassinary|first2=Lou|date=1983-05-01|title=Pouting and smiling distort the tactile perception of facial stimuli|journal=Perception & Psychophysics|language=en|volume=33|issue=3|pages=295–297|doi=10.3758/BF03202867|pmid=6866690|issn=0031-5117|doi-access=free}}</ref>