Editing Syringomyelia (section)

== Signs and symptoms ==
Syringomyelia causes a wide variety of neuropathic symptoms, due to damage to the spinal cord. Patients may experience severe chronic pain, [[paresthesia|abnormal sensations]] and loss of sensation, particularly in the hands. Some patients experience [[paralysis]] or [[paresis]], temporarily or permanently. A syrinx may also cause disruptions in the [[parasympathetic]] and [[sympathetic nervous system]]s, leading to Horner syndrome, abnormal body temperature or sweating, bowel control issues, or other problems. If the syrinx is higher up in the spinal cord or affecting the brainstem, as in syringobulbia, [[Vocal cord paresis|vocal cord paralysis]], ipsilateral tongue wasting, [[trigeminal nerve]] sensory loss, and other signs may be present.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=David A. |last2=Aminoff |first2=Michael Jeffrey |last3=Simon |first3=Roger P. |chapter=Syringomyelia |pages=223– |title=Clinical Neurology |date=2002 |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-137543-6 }}</ref> Rarely, bladder stones can occur at the onset of weakness in the lower extremities.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.11477/mf.1413100675 |date=2006 |volume=60 |last1=西田 |first1=智保 |last2=山川 |first2=克典 |last3=高橋 |first3=剛. |title=症例 脊髄空洞症に合併した膀胱結石 |trans-title=A large bladder stone caused by syringomyelia |journal=臨床泌尿器科 |trans-journal=Clinical Urology |language=ja }}</ref>
Classically, syringomyelia spares the [[dorsal column]]/[[medial lemniscus]] of the spinal cord, leaving pressure, vibration, touch and [[proprioception]] intact in the upper extremities. [[Neuropathic arthropathy]], also known as a Charcot joint, can occur, particularly in the shoulders, in patients with syringomyelia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hirsch |first1=M. |last2=San Martin |first2=M. |last3=Krause |first3=D. |title=Neuropathic osteoarthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia |journal=Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging |date=March 2021 |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=193–194 |doi=10.1016/j.diii.2020.09.010 |pmid=33092999 }}</ref> The loss of sensory fibers to the joint is theorized to lead to degeneration of the joint over time.<ref>[http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/496650_2 "Neuropathic Arthropathy of the Shoulder (Charcot Shoulder): Clinical Commentary"] Medscape. Accessed 9 January 2011.</ref>