Editing Survival International (section)

==History==

Survival International was founded in 1969 (as the "Primitive Peoples Fund") after an article by [[Norman Lewis (author)|Norman Lewis]] in ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' Magazine<ref>Lewis, Norman (23 February 1969), "Genocide", ''Sunday Times Magazine'', pp. 34–59.</ref> highlighted the massacres, land thefts and [[Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil|genocide taking place in Brazilian Amazonia]].<ref name="survivalinternational">{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/info|title=Survival International - The movement for tribal peoples|first=Survival|last=International|website=www.SurvivalInternational.org|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-date=19 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519142147/http://www.survivalinternational.org/info|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5716227.ece |title=The tribe that stood their ground |newspaper=Times |date=15 February 2009 |access-date=14 July 2009 |location=London |first=Christina |last=Lamb |archive-date=11 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511233856/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5716227.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Evans2009">{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Julian |title=Semi-Invisible Man: The Life of Norman Lewis |year=2008 |publisher=Jonathan Cape|isbn=978-0-224-07275-5 |pages=515–518}}</ref> In 1971, the fledgling organisation visited [[Brazil]] to observe the [[Fundação Nacional do Índio]] (FUNAI) government agency responsible for tribal peoples there.<ref name="Maini2000">{{cite book|last=Maini|first=Darshan Singh|title=Political Anthropology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LzTh1TIPa4C&pg=PA170 |year=2000 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-785-6 |page=170}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bunyard|first1=Peter|author-link1=Peter Bunyard|title=Peter Bunyard on The Ecologist, Teddy Goldsmith, James Lovelock and Gaia|url=http://www.artcornwall.org/interviews/Peter_Bunyard2.htm|website=ArtCornwall.org|access-date=21 April 2016|archive-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508085236/http://www.artcornwall.org/interviews/Peter_Bunyard2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> After a name change, Survival International incorporated as an English company in 1972 and registered as a charity in 1974.<ref>{{EW charity|267444|Survival International Charitable Trust}}</ref> According to the autobiography of its first chairman, the explorer [[Robin Hanbury-Tenison]], while travelling with the [[ethnobotany|ethnobotanist]] [[Conrad Gorinsky]] in the [[Amazon basin|Amazon]] in 1968,<ref name="HT125">Hanbury-Tenison, 1991, pp 125–126.</ref>
{{quote|"We decided that an organisation should be created to oppose these short-sighted policies; that it should be based upon principles which take into account the Indians' own desires and needs rather than our society's prejudices; that it should strive to protect the rights of Indians to their lands, their cultures and their identity; that it should foster respect for and research into their knowledge and experience so that through being recognised as experts they should be allowed to survive and we should learn from them and so contribute to our own survival. Thus the concept of Survival International was born. When, a few months later, exposure in the European press of the atrocities perpetrated in Brazil against the Brazilian Indians by the very agency created to protect them, roused public opinion, we were ready to join in the slow process of raising money and building an organisation."|Robin Hanbury-Tenison - President and co-founder of Survival International<ref name=HT125/>}}

It was the first in this field to use mass letter-writing, having orchestrated several campaigns in many different places throughout the world, such as [[Siberia]], [[Canada]], and [[Kenya]]. Several campaigns were able to bring change to government policies regarding the rights of local Indigenous people. In 2000, this form of struggle was successful in driving the Indian government to abandon their plan to relocate the isolated [[Jarawa people (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]] tribe, after receiving 150-200 letters a day from Survival supporters around the world. Shortly before that, the governor of western Siberia imposed a five-year ban on all oil licences in the territory of the Yugan Khanty within weeks of Survival issuing a bulletin.<ref name="survivalinternational"/> Survival was also the first organisation to draw attention to the destructive effects of [[World Bank]] projects – now recognised as a major cause of suffering in many poor countries.<ref name="survivalinternational"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics |last=E. Keck |first=Margaret |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-8014-8456-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/activistassinfro00keck }}</ref>

Survival is the only international pro-tribal peoples organisation to have received the [[Right Livelihood Award]], as well as the Spanish "Premio Léon Felipe" and the Italian "Medaglia della Presidenza della Camera dei Deputati".<ref name="survivalinternational"/><ref name=rightlivelihoodaward>{{cite web|url=http://www.rightlivelihood.org/survival.html|title=The Right Livelihood Award - Survival International (1989)|website=rightlivelihood.org|access-date=20 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012184752/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/survival.html|archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref>