Editing Supervolcano (section)

== Terminology ==
The term "supervolcano" was first used in a volcanic context in 1949.<ref>[http://oed.com/view/Entry/311217 ''supervolcano, n.''] Oxford English Dictionary, third edition, online version June 2012. Retrieved on 2012-08-17.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Byers Jr. |first=F. M. |date= May 1949 |title=Review of ''The Ancient Volcanoes of Oregon'', by H. Williams |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/30058772 |url-access=subscription |journal=The Journal of Geology |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=325 |doi=10.1086/625620 |jstor=30058772 }}</ref>
{{NoteTag|The term was first used in ''Conquering the World'', a 1925 travelogue by Helen Bridgeman, referring to an Indian Ocean sunset in Indonesia as an upside down "super-volcano".<ref name=Klemetti>{{cite magazine |title=The rise of a supervolcano |first=Erik |last=Klemetti |date=4 October 2013 |url= https://www.wired.com/2013/10/the-rise-of-supervolcano/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>}} Its origins lie in an early 20th-century scientific debate about the geological history and features of the [[Three Sisters (Oregon)|Three Sisters]] volcanic region of [[Oregon]] in the United States. In 1925, Edwin T. Hodge suggested that a very large volcano, which he named [[Mount Multnomah]], had existed in that region.<ref group=note>Subsequent research proved that each peak of the Three Sisters was formed independently, and that Mount Multnomah never existed.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}</ref> He believed that several [[Summit (topography)|peaks]] in the Three Sisters area were remnants of Mount Multnomah after it had been largely destroyed by violent volcanic explosions, similarly to [[Mount Mazama]].<ref>Harris, Stephen (1988). ''Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes''. Missoula, Mountain Press.</ref> In his 1948 book ''The Ancient Volcanoes of Oregon'', volcanologist [[Howel Williams]] ignored the possible existence of Mount Multnomah, but in 1949 another volcanologist, F. M. Byers Jr., reviewed the book, and in the review, Byers refers to Mount Multnomah as a "supervolcano".<ref>[http://oed.com/view/Entry/311217 ''supervolcano, n.''] Oxford English Dictionary, third edition, online version June 2012. Retrieved on 2012-08-17.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Byers Jr. |first=F. M. |date= May 1949 |title=Review of ''The Ancient Volcanoes of Oregon'', by H. Williams |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/30058772 |url-access=subscription |journal=The Journal of Geology |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=325 |doi=10.1086/625620 |jstor=30058772 }}</ref>

More than fifty years after Byers' review was published, the term ''supervolcano'' was popularised by the [[BBC]] popular science television program ''[[Horizon (BBC TV series)|Horizon]]'' in 2000, referring to eruptions that produce extremely large amounts of [[ejecta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Supervolcanoes |date=3 February 2000 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/1999/supervolcanoes.shtml |work=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Yellowstone/description_yellowstone.html USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204061306/http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Yellowstone/description_yellowstone.html |date=4 February 2012 }}. Vulcan.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved on 2011-11-18.</ref>

The term ''megacaldera'' is sometimes used for [[caldera]] supervolcanoes, such as the [[Blake River Megacaldera Complex]] in the [[Abitibi greenstone belt]] of [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], Canada.<ref>{{Cite journal|url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301926808001897|title=An Archean megacaldera complex: The Blake River Group, Abitibi greenstone belt |last1=Pearson|first1=V.|last2=Daigneault|first2=R. |date=January 2009|journal=Precambrian Research |volume=168 |issue=1–2 |pages=66–82 |doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2008.03.009|bibcode=2009PreR..168...66P }}</ref>

Though there is no well-defined minimum explosive size for a "supervolcano", there are at least two types of volcanic eruptions that have been identified as supervolcanoes: [[large igneous province]]s and massive eruptions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url= https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40259/1/c40259.pdf|title=The largest volcanic eruptions on Earth |last=Bryan |first=S.E. |date=2010 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=102 |issue=3–4 |pages=207–229 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.07.001 |bibcode=2010ESRv..102..207B }}</ref>