Editing Sunnyvale, California (section)

==History==
The [[Santa Clara Valley]] was heavily populated by the indigenous [[Ohlone]] people when the [[Spain|Spanish]] first arrived in the 1770s.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scu.edu/missionchurch/historical-information/|title=Historical Information – Mission Santa Clara de Asís|website=[[Santa Clara University]]|access-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref> However, following the arrival of the Spaniards, [[smallpox]], [[measles]], and other [[Old World]] diseases greatly reduced the Ohlone population.<ref name=":4" /> While some of the Ohlone Native Americans died from diseases, others survived and were converted to [[Christian faith]] by the Spanish.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|date=September 5, 2019|title=The History of Sunnyvale, California|url=https://intempuspropertymanagement.com/the-history-of-sunnyvale-california/|access-date=November 27, 2023|website=Best Property Management Company San Jose I Intempus Realty, Inc.|archive-date=December 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205114856/https://intempuspropertymanagement.com/the-history-of-sunnyvale-california/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1777, [[Mission Santa Clara de Asís|Mission Santa Clara]] was founded by Franciscan missionary [[Junípero Serra|Padre Junipero Serra]] and was originally located in San Jose (near what is now the [[San Jose International Airport]] runway).<ref name=":4" />

===1800s===
[[File:Lupe Yñigo of Rancho Posolmi.jpg|thumb|left|Lupe Yñigo was granted [[Rancho Posolmi]] in 1844, covering the northern part of Sunnyvale and [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]].]]
[[File:Libby Water Tower.jpg|thumb|upright|Libby Water Tower, a heritage landmark in Sunnyvale<ref>{{cite web|title=Heritage Resources Inventory|url=http://sunnyvale.ca.gov/Portals/0/Sunnyvale/CDD/Residential/Heritage%20Resources%20and%20Landmark%20Alteration%20%20Inventory-%20%20FINAL.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120105209/http://sunnyvale.ca.gov/Portals/0/Sunnyvale/CDD/Residential/Heritage%20Resources%20and%20Landmark%20Alteration%20%20Inventory-%20%20FINAL.pdf|publisher=City of Sunnyvale Heritage Preservation Commission|archive-date=January 20, 2013|access-date=October 7, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
In 1843, [[Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas]] was granted to Francisco Estrada and his wife Inez Castro.<ref name=CAGenWeb>{{Cite web|url=http://cagenweb.com/santaclara/landgrants.html|title=Early Santa Clara Ranchos, Grants, Patents and Maps|website=The CAGenWeb Project|access-date=July 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102154807/http://cagenweb.com/santaclara/landgrants.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=January 2, 2019}}</ref> Portions of the land given in this grant later developed into the cities of [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]] and Sunnyvale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/253886|title=Geographic Names Information System|website=[[The National Map]]|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|access-date=July 30, 2024|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106140209/https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/253886|url-status=live}}</ref> Two years later, in 1844, another land grant was provided to Lupe Yñigo, one of the few [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]s to hold land grants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mv-voice.com/news/2013/08/05/one-womans-indelible-mark-on-silicon-valley/|title=One woman's indelible mark on Silicon Valley|last=DeBolt|first=Daniel|website=Mountain View Voice|publisher=[[Embarcadero Media|Embarcadero Media Foundation]]|date=August 5, 2013|access-date=July 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://content.scu.edu/digital/collection/college/id/99|title=Portrait of Lupe Yñigo|website=SCU Digital Collections|publisher=[[Santa Clara University]]|access-date=July 30, 2024|archive-date=July 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727050006/https://content.scu.edu/digital/collection/college/id/99/|url-status=live}}</ref> His land grant was first called [[Rancho Posolmi]], named in honor of a village of the [[Ohlone]] that once stood in the area.<ref name=CAGenWeb />

[[Martin Murphy Jr.]] came to California with his father as part of the [[Stephens–Townsend–Murphy Party]] in 1844. In 1850, Martin Murphy Jr. bought a piece of Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas for $12,500. Murphy established a wheat farm and ranch named Bay View. Murphy had the first wood-frame house in [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]]; it was shipped from [[New England]]. The house was demolished in 1961 but was reconstructed in 2008 as the [[Sunnyvale Heritage Park Museum]]. When he died in 1884, his land was divided among his heirs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritageparkmuseum.org/sample-page/the-museum/murphy-story|title=The Murphy Story|website=Sunnyvale Heritage Park Museum|access-date=December 15, 2023|archive-date=August 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808191349/https://heritageparkmuseum.org/sample-page/the-museum/murphy-story|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ignoffo|first=Mary Jo|title=Sunnyvale: From the City of Destiny to the Heart of Silicon Valley|year=1955|publisher=California History Center & Foundation|url=https://archive.org/details/sunnyvalefromcit00igno/page/8/mode/2up?q=%22Martin+Murphy+Jr%22|place=Cupertino, California|isbn=9780935089172|pages=6–11|access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref>

In 1861, The [[San Francisco and San Jose Rail Road]] was allowed to lay tracks on Bay View and established [[Sunnyvale station|Murphy's Station]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koning |first1=Ben |last2=Metz |first2=Anneke |title=Sunnyvale |series=Images of America |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-7385-7435-6 |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |lccn=2010936334 |pages=12–13}}</ref> [[Lawrence station (Caltrain)|Lawrence's Station]] was later established on the southern edge of Bay View.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shueh |first=Sam |title=Silicon Valley |series=Images of America |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-7385-7093-8 |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |lccn=2009924699 |page=84}}</ref>

In the 1870s, small fruit orchards replaced many large wheat farms, because wheat farming turned uneconomical due to county and property tax laws, imports and [[soil degradation]].<ref name=":3" /> In 1871, Dr. James M. Dawson and his wife Eloise (née Jones) established the first commercial fruit cannery in the county.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sanjosehistory.org/horticultural-expansion/|title=1870–1918, City Expansion|date=November 7, 2013|work=San Jose History|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212003/http://www.sanjosehistory.org/horticultural-expansion/|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.santaclararesearch.net/SCBIOS/jmdawson.html|title=James M. Dawson – Pioneer fruit packer, Santa Clara Valley, 1871|last=Feroben|first=Carolyn|website=The Valley of Heart's Delight, Santa Clara County Biography Project}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campbellmuseums.com/copy-of-walking-tours|title=Cannery Tour}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://historysanjose.org/exhibits-activities/online-exhibits/cannery-life-del-monte-in-the-santa-clara-valley/|title=Cannery Life: Del Monte in the Santa Clara Valley}}</ref> Fruit agriculture for canning soon became a major industry in the county. The invention of the refrigerated rail car further increased the viability of an economy based upon fruit. The fruit orchards became so prevalent that in 1886, the San Jose Board of Trade called [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]] the "Garden of the World".

In the 1880s, Chinese workers made up roughly one third of the farm labor in Santa Clara County.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=em7LjojwMosC|title=This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860–1910|last=Chan|first=Sucheng|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1989|isbn=978-0520067370|pages=305|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=November 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114155708/https://books.google.com/books?id=em7LjojwMosC|url-status=live}}</ref> This percentage reduced over time after the [[Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)|Chinese Exclusion Act]] was passed. In the following decade, the 1890s, many immigrants from [[Italy]], the [[Azores]], [[Portugal]], and [[Japan]] arrived to work in the orchards.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

In 1897, Walter Everett Crossman bought {{convert|200|acre|m2}} and began selling real estate. He advertised the area as "Beautiful Murphy" and later, in the 1900s, as "the City of Destiny". Also in 1897, Encinal School opened as the first school in Murphy. Previously, children in the town had to travel to Mountain View for school. The area also became known as Encinal.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===1900s===
In 1901, the residents of Murphy were informed they could not use the names Encinal or Murphy for their post office. Sunnyvale was given its current name on March 24, 1901. It was named Sunnyvale as it is located in a sunny region adjacent to areas with significantly more fog.<ref>Capace, Nancy (1999). ''Encyclopedia of California''. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 447. {{ISBN|9780403093182}}.</ref>

Sunnyvale continued to grow and in 1904, [[dried fruit]] production began. Two years later, [[Libby, McNeill & Libby]], a [[Chicago]] meat-packing company, decided to open its first fruit-packing factory in Sunnyvale. Today, a water tower painted to resemble the first Libby's fruit cocktail can label identifies the former site of the factory.

Also in 1906, the [[Joshua Hendy Iron Works]] relocated from San Francisco to Sunnyvale after the company's building was destroyed by fire after the 1906 earthquake. The ironworks was the first non-agricultural industry in the town. The company later switched from producing mining equipment to other products such as marine [[steam engine]]s.
[[File:Joshua Hendy Iron Works museum (cropped).jpg|thumb|Joshua Hendy Iron Works Museum]]
In 1912, the residents of Sunnyvale voted to incorporate, and Sunnyvale became an official city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunnyvale {{!}} California, United States {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sunnyvale|access-date=April 25, 2023|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|archive-date=March 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326230316/https://www.britannica.com/place/Sunnyvale|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Fremont High School (Sunnyvale)|Fremont High School]] first opened in 1923.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History & School Culture –|url=https://fhs.fuhsd.org/about-us/history-school-culture|access-date=April 25, 2023|website=fhs.fuhsd.org|archive-date=April 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425232709/https://fhs.fuhsd.org/about-us/history-school-culture|url-status=live}}</ref> The year 2023 marked the school's 100 year anniversary.

In 1924, [[Edwina Benner]] was elected to her first term as mayor of Sunnyvale. She was the second female mayor in the history of the state of [[California]].

In 1930, [[United States Congress|Congress]] decided to place the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] [[Airship|dirigible]] base in Sunnyvale after [[Timeline of Moffett Airfield|"buying"]] the {{convert|1000|acre|km²|adj=on}} parcel of farmland bordering the [[San Francisco Bay]] from the city for $1.

This [[United States Navy|naval]] airfield was later renamed [[Naval Air Station Moffett]] and then [[Moffett Federal Airfield]] and is commonly called Moffett Field.

In 1939, the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA, the forerunner of [[NASA]]) began research at [[Ames Research Center|Ames Laboratory]].

During World War II, the war economy began a change from the fruit industry to the high-tech industry in Santa Clara County. The Joshua Hendy Iron Works built marine steam engines, naval guns and rocket launchers to aid in the war effort. As the defense industry grew, a shortage of workers in the farm industry was created. Immigrants from [[Mexico]] came to Sunnyvale to fill this void of workers.

Following the war, the fruit orchards and [[sweetcorn]] farms were cleared to build homes, factories and offices.

In 1950, the volunteer fire department and the paid police department were combined into the department of public safety.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://cops.usdoj.gov/RIC/Publications/cops-w0659-pub.pdf|title=Public Safety Consolidation: What Is It? How Does It Work?|work=BOLO|publisher=[[Office of Community Oriented Policing Services]], [[U.S. Department of Justice]]|first1=Jeremy M.|last1=Wilson|first2=Alexander|last2=Weiss|first3=Clifford|last3=Grammich|date=August 2012|pages=4–6|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608004236/https://cops.usdoj.gov/RIC/Publications/cops-w0659-pub.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1956, the aircraft manufacturer [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] moved its headquarters to Sunnyvale.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Baker|first=David R.|date=September 15, 2006|title=Where science takes flight / Lockheed marks 50 years in Sunnyvale|url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Where-science-takes-flight-Lockheed-marks-50-2469631.php|access-date=April 25, 2023|website=San Francisco Chronicle|archive-date=April 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425232707/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Where-science-takes-flight-Lockheed-marks-50-2469631.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since then, numerous high-tech companies have established offices and headquarters in Sunnyvale, including [[Advanced Micro Devices]] and [[Yahoo]].

The first prototype of [[Atari]]'s coin-operated ''[[Pong]]'', the first successful video game, was installed in Sunnyvale in August 1972, in a bar named Andy Capp's Tavern,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=pong&page=detail&id=2007|title=Pong, Arcade Video game by Atari, Inc. (1972)|publisher=Arcade-history.com|access-date=October 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Scott|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Upm2AAAAIAAJ|title=Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]]|date=1984|isbn=0-07-011543-5|access-date=November 9, 2021|archive-date=August 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808191349/https://books.google.com/books?id=Upm2AAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> now Rooster T. Feathers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunnyvale.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C16EEEB1-3A82-41D5-90EF-7D16321DC754/0/svalebikeflyer.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131095822/http://sunnyvale.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C16EEEB1-3A82-41D5-90EF-7D16321DC754/0/svalebikeflyer.pdf|title=City of Sunnyvale Heritage Bicycle Tours|archive-date=January 31, 2010|access-date=November 9, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Atari's headquarters were located at 1196 Borregas Avenue in north Sunnyvale.

By 2002, the few remaining orchards had been replaced with homes and shops. However, there are still city-owned orchards, such as the Heritage Orchard next to the Sunnyvale Community Center.

In 1979, an indoor mall called [[Sunnyvale Town Center]] opened in what used to be a traditional downtown shopping district. After years of successful operation, the mall [[Dead mall|started to decline]] in the 1990s. After numerous changes in plans and ownership, the mall was demolished in 2007.

===2000s===
Sunnyvale celebrated its one-hundredth anniversary on August 25, 2012.

According to the Bay Area Census, there was a total population of 130,885 people in households and 875 people in group quarters in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bay Area Census &ndash; City of Sunnyvale|url=http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/Sunnyvale.htm|access-date=November 27, 2023|website=bayareacensus.ca.gov|archive-date=February 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062255/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/Sunnyvale.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, the city has a population of 145,302 residents; however, the city's population is declining at a rate of −6.77% since the 2020 census, which claimed that Sunnyvale had a population of 155,860 residents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunnyvale, California Population 2023|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/sunnyvale-ca-population|access-date=November 27, 2023|website=worldpopulationreview.com|archive-date=December 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215193845/https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/sunnyvale-ca-population|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Downtown development====

In November 2009, previously closed portions of the main streets in downtown Sunnyvale were reopened as part of the ongoing downtown redevelopment of the [[Sunnyvale Town Center]] mall, marking the first time in over three decades that those street blocks have been open to vehicle and pedestrian traffic. Part of the project involved building new apartment buildings, however during the [[Great Recession]] the property was repossessed by [[Wells Fargo]] in 2009; the developer countersued, leaving the project in legal limbo through 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Nathan|last=Donato-Weinstein|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2015/08/13/sunnyvale-town-center-officially-for-sale-as.html|title=Sunnyvale Town Center officially for sale as litigation cloud lifts|date=August 13, 2015|access-date=October 23, 2021|work=[[The Business Journals]]|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227040140/https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2015/08/13/sunnyvale-town-center-officially-for-sale-as.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The two office buildings are now fully occupied by [[Uber]]. Mixed-use developments have been built at the former Town and Country location near the Plaza del Sol just north of Murphy Avenue. By mid 2015, new multistory apartment complexes had opened, including a number of ground-floor businesses, and the lawsuit against Wells Fargo was resolved in the bank's favor. The development was sold to Sares Regis in late 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Bryce|last=Druzin|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/09/29/sunnyvale-town-center-deal-closes-for-100-million.html|title=Sunnyvale Town Center deal closes for $100 million|date=September 29, 2016|access-date=October 23, 2021|work=[[The Business Journals]]|archive-date=December 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231163107/https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/09/29/sunnyvale-town-center-deal-closes-for-100-million.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Redwood Square reopened as a park in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Victoria|last=Kezra|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/11/27/redwood-square-opens-in-downtown-sunnyvale/|title=Redwood Square opens in downtown Sunnyvale|date=November 27, 2017|access-date=October 23, 2021|work=[[The Mercury News]]|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026113307/https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/11/27/redwood-square-opens-in-downtown-sunnyvale/|url-status=live}}</ref> Many apartments are occupied, and more are being completed in 2020. A [[Whole Foods Market]] and [[AMC Theatres]] multiplex opened in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|first=George|last=Avalos|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/10/29/coronavirus-real-estate-whole-foods-amc-theaters-downtown-sunnyvale/|title=Whole Foods, AMC Theaters open in downtown Sunnyvale|date=October 29, 2020|access-date=October 23, 2021|work=[[The Mercury News]]|archive-date=October 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019020647/https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/10/29/coronavirus-real-estate-whole-foods-amc-theaters-downtown-sunnyvale/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Major businesses====
In the 2010s, Sunnyvale became home to operations from numerous major technology companies including [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[LinkedIn]] (now headquartered in Sunnyvale),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.linkedin.com/about-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302042022/https://news.linkedin.com/about-us|title=About Us|via=LinkedIn|archive-date=March 2, 2018|access-date=October 23, 2021}}</ref> [[Google]], [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], [[Walmart Labs]], and [[23andMe]].

Google announced major development plans in the Moffett Park area in 2017 adjacent to [[Moffett Federal Airfield|Moffett Field]],<ref>{{Cite web|first=George|last=Avalos|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/06/googles-sunnyvale-plans-unleash-worries-and-warnings-among-some-merchants/|title=Google's Sunnyvale ambitions prompt merchants' worries and warnings|date=February 6, 2018|access-date=October 23, 2021|work=[[The Mercury News]]|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026130808/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/06/googles-sunnyvale-plans-unleash-worries-and-warnings-among-some-merchants/|url-status=live}}</ref> with these offices ultimately opening in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Kevin|last=Forestieri|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2022/05/17/google-opens-the-doors-on-its-massive-bay-view-campus-next-door-to-nasa-ames/|title=Google opens the doors on its massive Bay View campus next to NASA Ames|date=May 17, 2022|access-date=November 9, 2024|archive-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=
https://web.archive.org/web/20230507130524/https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2022/05/17/google-opens-the-doors-on-its-massive-bay-view-campus-next-door-to-nasa-ames/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Amazon and Meta began leasing buildings in Sunnyvale in 2017<ref>{{Cite web|first=George|last=Avalos|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/12/15/big-amazon-campus-sprouts-sunnyvale-google/|title=Big Amazon campus sprouts in Sunnyvale, Silicon Valley footprint widens|date=December 15, 2017|access-date=November 9, 2024|archive-date=May 9, 2023|archive-url=
https://web.archive.org/web/20230509090944/https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/12/15/big-amazon-campus-sprouts-sunnyvale-google/|url-status=live}}</ref> and 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|first=George|last=Avalos|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/01/meta-facebook-lease-tech-campus-sunnyvale-office-real-estate-job-covid/|title=Meta, formerly Facebook, leases huge tech campus in Sunnyvale|date=December 1, 2021|access-date=November 9, 2024|archive-date=December 29, 2022|archive-url=
https://web.archive.org/web/20221229050944/https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/01/meta-facebook-lease-tech-campus-sunnyvale-office-real-estate-job-covid/|url-status=live}}</ref> respectively.