Editing Styx (section)

==Family==
According to the usual account, Styx was the eldest of the [[Oceanids]], the many daughters of the Titan [[Oceanus]], the great world-encircling river, and his sister-wife, the Titaness [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]].<ref>Grimal, s.v. Styx; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:337-370 361&ndash;362], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:767-806 775&ndash;776]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.2.2 1.2.2]. Compare with [[Epimenides]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA96 fr. 7 Fowler] [= ''[[FGrHist]]'' F6B = ''[[Vorsokr.]]'' 3B9], and ''[[Homeric Hymns|Homeric Hymn]]'' 2 ''to Demeter'' (which both have Styx as the daughter of Oceanus without mentioning Tethys); [[Callimachus]], ''Hymn to Zeus'' [https://archive.org/details/callimachuslycop00calluoft/page/40/mode/2up 33&ndash;36].</ref> However, according to the Roman mythographer [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], she was the daughter of Nox ("Night", the Roman equivalent of [[Nyx]]) and [[Erebus]] (Darkness).<ref>Jost, [https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-6108?rskey=8uhQ9j&result=1 s.v. Styx]; Grimal, s.v. Styx; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#0.2 1.2&ndash;1.5].</ref>

She married the Titan [[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]] and by him gave birth to the personifications  [[Zelus]] (Glory, Emulation), [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] (Victory), [[Kratos (mythology)|Kratos]] (Strength, Dominion), and [[Bia (mythology)|Bia]] (Force, Violence).<ref>Gantz, pp. 25&ndash;26; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:371-403 383&ndash;385]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.2.4 1.2.4]; Compare with [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#p.9 1.1&ndash;17.1&ndash;2], which gives the offspring of Pallas and Styx as Scylla, Force, Envy, Power, Victory, Fountains, and Lakes.</ref> The geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] tells us that, according to  [[Epimenides|Epimenides of Crete]], Styx was the mother of the monster [[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]], by an otherwise unknown Perias.<ref>Gantz, p. 22; Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 p. 9]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.18.2 8.18.2] [= [[Epimenides]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA96 fr. 7 Fowler]]  [= ''[[FGrHist]]'' F6B = ''[[Vorsokr.]]'' 3B9]. Other authors give other parents for Echidna, see [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml 270&ndash;300] (where, according to [[Apostolos Athanassakis|Athanassakis]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=FS5ZoYYhd2EC&pg=PA44 p. 44], her parents are "likely" [[Ceto]] and [[Phorcys]]); [[Pseudo-Apollodorus|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%202.1.2&lang=original 2.1.2] (Echidna is the daughter of [[Tartarus]] and [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]).</ref>

Although usually Demeter was the mother, by Zeus, of the underworld-goddess Persephone, according to the mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], it was Styx.<ref>Gantz, p. 64; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.3.1 1.3.1]. For Demeter as mother, see, for example, [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:901-937 912&ndash;913]; ''[[Homeric Hymns|Homeric Hymn]]'' 2 ''to Demeter'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homeric_hymns_2_demeter/2003/pb_LCL496.33.xml 1&ndash;5]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.37.9 8.37.9]. Compare with [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#p.19 26.1], which has [[Proserpina]] as the daughter of [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jove]] and [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]].</ref> However, when Apollodorus relates the famous story of the abduction of Persephone, and the search for her by her angry and distraught mother, as usual, it is Demeter who conducts the search.<ref>Gantz, pp. 64&ndash;67; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.5 1.5].</ref>