Editing Stockholm School of Economics (section)

== History ==
The banker [[Knut Agathon Wallenberg]] donated 100 000 SEK in 1903 (Equivalent to around  7 million SEK in 2023) to lobby for founding a business school in Stockholm.<ref name="hhs.se">{{cite web |access-date=2014-06-25 |archive-date=2011-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704232513/http://www.hhs.se/se/100years/Jubileumsf%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar/Documents/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning%20HHS%20090121%20Final.pdf |title=Arkiverade kopian |url=http://www.hhs.se/se/100years/Jubileumsf%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar/Documents/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning%20HHS%20090121%20Final.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=2023-08-06 |language=sv |title=Räkna på inflationen |url=https://www.ekonomifakta.se/Fakta/finansiell-ekonomi/inflation-och-styrrantor/Rakna-pa-inflationen/ |work=Ekonomifakta}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Wallenberg considered that "It was important to raise the social status of the merchant class".<ref name=":5">{{cite book |date=2020 |edition=första pocketutgåvan |first=Mikael |isbn=978-91-7811-036-0 |last=Holmqvist |pages=36–37 |publisher=Atlantis |title=Handels: maktelitens skola ; pocketversionen}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Lobbying was necessary because the classical tradition in western thought has a long-standing disdain for commerce, dating back to the ancient Greeks.<ref name=":5" /> This disdain was also evident during the Middle Ages, when trade was considered equivalent to theft and seen as a dirty and vulgar occupation.<ref name=":5" /><ref name="hhs.se3">{{cite web |access-date=2014-06-25 |archive-date=2011-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704232513/http://www.hhs.se/se/100years/Jubileumsf%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar/Documents/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning%20HHS%20090121%20Final.pdf |title=Arkiverade kopian |url=http://www.hhs.se/se/100years/Jubileumsf%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar/Documents/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning%20HHS%20090121%20Final.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> During this time, merchants were known in swedish as: ''Krämare'', from the greek [[Chrematistics|chrema]] (money), were socially scorned, even by the upper class, and were perceived as unproductive individuals solely interested in "making money.".<ref name=":5" /><ref name="hhs.se2">{{cite web |access-date=2014-06-25 |archive-date=2011-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704232513/http://www.hhs.se/se/100years/Jubileumsf%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar/Documents/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning%20HHS%20090121%20Final.pdf |title=Arkiverade kopian |url=http://www.hhs.se/se/100years/Jubileumsf%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar/Documents/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning%20HHS%20090121%20Final.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> 

Continuing the lobbying the Wallenberg family also financed a study trip where the doctor in philosophy [[Helmer Keys]] set out to travel through Europe to collect data that could motivate the decision to establish a business school. This resulted in the report called "on the centrality of trade-schools (Swedish: Om betydelsen av handelshögskolor", where Key presented the founding of a business school as both positive and necessary.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |date=2020 |edition=första pocketutgåvan |first=Mikael |isbn=978-91-7811-036-0 |last=Holmqvist |pages=33 |publisher=Atlantis |title=Handels: maktelitens skola ; pocketversionen}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> The report was subsequently used to propagate for the centrality of founding a business school in Stockholm.<ref>{{cite book |date=2020 |edition=första pocketutgåvan |first=Mikael |isbn=978-91-7811-036-0 |last=Holmqvist |pages=33 |publisher=Atlantis |title=Handels: maktelitens skola ; pocketversionen}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> 

Later on, a circular letter was written where people from the Stockholm [[Bourgeoisie]] was offered to pay 400 SEK per year to become initiating members of the school of business association ([[Handelshögskoleföreningen]]).<ref name=":3">{{cite book |date=2020 |edition=första pocketutgåvan |first=Mikael |isbn=978-91-7811-036-0 |last=Holmqvist |pages=34 |publisher=Atlantis |title=Handels: maktelitens skola ; pocketversionen}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> In an appendix to a deed of foundation published by the school of business Association, the founding members up to 28 February 1907 are listed. The founders consisted of 109 merchants, 47 bank directors or similar, 26 mill owners or similar, 9 engineers, 16 other city councillors, barons or similar, and three companies.<ref name=":4">{{cite book |date=2020 |edition=första pocketutgåvan |first=Mikael |isbn=978-91-7811-036-0 |last=Holmqvist |pages=35 |publisher=Atlantis |title=Handels: maktelitens skola ; pocketversionen}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Most of the members were men, but one person was female.<ref name=":4" /> Two families were overrepresented, namely the Söderberg and Wallenberg families.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> The founders were predominantly based in Stockholm, Djursholm, or Saltsjöbaden. However, the academic background among the school's founders was almost entirely nonexistent.<ref>{{cite book |date=2020 |edition=första pocketutgåvan |first=Mikael |isbn=978-91-7811-036-0 |last=Holmqvist |pages=36 |publisher=Atlantis |title=Handels: maktelitens skola ; pocketversionen}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> 

The name ''handelshögskola'' (roughly "college of commerce") was a parallel to the German term ''Handelshochschule'', used by a number of German institutions started in the years before, commencing with [[Handelshochschule Leipzig]] in 1898. The term ''högskola'' was at this time also established for specialised higher educational institutions outside the universities, such as the [[Royal Institute of Technology]], ''(Kungl.) Tekniska högskolan'', which bore that name from 1877. The Stockholm School of Economics was formally founded in 1909 on private initiative as a response to rapid industrialization and a growing need for educated businessmen and company managers and has maintained close ties with the business community ever since.

While founded as a business school, the subject of economics featured prominently in the research and curriculum of the school from the beginning.

The most well known scholars of the Stockholm School of Economics are arguably the economists [[Eli Heckscher]] ([[professor]] of [[economics]] and [[statistics]] 1909–1929, professor of economic history 1929–1945), and [[Bertil Ohlin]] (professors of economics). Heckscher is also known as the founder of [[economic history]] as an independent academic discipline and his work ''Svenskt Arbete och Liv'' is a fundamental work within this subject.

Ohlin was also a leading figure within the school of doctrine with the same name, the so-called [[Stockholm school (economics)|Stockholm school]]; a group of leading [[Scandinavia]]n economists influenced by [[Knut Wicksell]], most of them active in Stockholm, either at the Stockholm School of Economics or the [[Stockholm University College]]. This school of doctrine was to have a profound influence on post-WWII Swedish economic policy and the development of the modern [[Scandinavian welfare model|Scandinavian]] [[welfare state]]. Heckscher and Ohlin jointly developed the so-called ''[[Heckscher–Ohlin model|Heckscher–Ohlin theory]]'', the standard international mathematical model of international trade. Bertil Ohlin received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1977 (shared with British economist [[James Meade]]). Other prominent members of the Stockholm school were the [[Stockholm University]] professor [[Gustav Cassel]], who developed standard economic theory of [[Purchasing power parity]] and economist [[Dag Hammarskjöld]], [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] in [[New York City]], United States.

The school is a full member of the [[Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs]] (APSIA), a group of schools of public policy, public administration, and international studies.