Editing Stakhanovite movement (section)

== History ==
[[File:Medal For Labour Valour Current.jpg|thumb|upright|USSR [[Medal "For Labour Valour"]]]]

The Stakhanovite movement was established and developed by the Soviet Communist Party; it was started in 1935 during the [[Five-year plans of the Soviet Union#Second plan, 1932–1937|second Soviet five-year plan]]—as a new stage of sponsored [[socialist competition|socialist competition/socialist emulation]], and as the continuation of the Party's rapid industrialization initiative and its forced collectivization  of farming begun seven years prior (1928).{{sfnp|Siegelbaum|1990|p={{page needed|date=January 2023}}}} The movement took its name from Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov, who reportedly, on August 31, 1935, mined 102 [[ton]]s of coal in less than 6 hours—some 14 times his shift quota.{{sfnp|Overy|2004|p=258}} However, "competitive" Stakhanovite followers  soon would "break" his record.{{sfnp|Overy|2004|p=258}} On February 1, 1936, it was reported that [[Nikita Izotov]] had mined 640 tons{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} of coal in a single shift.{{sfnp|VOKS|1937}}

Stakhanovite programs were quickly applied by the Party to other industries of the Soviet Union.{{sfnp|Overy|2004|p=259}} Pioneers of the movement included {{ill|Alexander Busygin|ru|Бусыгин, Александр Харитонович}} (automobile industry), {{ill|Nikolai Smetanin|ru|Сметанин, Николай Степанович}} (shoe industry), {{ill|Dusya Vinogradova|ru|Виноградова, Евдокия Викторовна}}{{efn|Namesake of the Vinogradovites ({{lang|ru|виноградовцы}}).}} and {{ill|Marusya Vinogradova|ru|Виноградова, Мария Ивановна}} (textile industry), {{ill|Ivan I. Gudov|ru|Гудов, Иван Иванович}} ([[machine tool]] industry), {{ill|Vasiliy S. Musinsky|ru|Мусинский, Василий Степанович}} (timber industry), {{ill|Pyotr Krivonos|ru|Кривонос, Пётр Фёдорович}} (railroad),{{sfnp|Krivonoss|1939}} [[Pasha Angelina]] (agriculture),{{efn|Honored as the first Soviet woman to operate a tractor.}} {{ill|Konstantin Borin|ru|Борин, Константин Александрович}} and {{ill|Maria S. Demchenko|ru|Демченко, Мария Софроновна}} (agriculture), and many others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-18 |title=The Stakhanov Movement (1938) |language=en-US |work=Seventeen Moments in Soviet History |url=http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1936-2/year-of-the-stakhanovite/year-of-the-stakhanovite-video/the-stakhanov-movement-1938/ |access-date=2018-04-19}}</ref>

On November 14–17, 1935, the first All-Union Stakhanovite Conference convened in Moscow at [[the Kremlin]].{{sfnp|Stalin|1935}} The conference emphasized the "outstanding"   role of the Stakhanovite movement in the [[socialist]] reconstruction of the national economy.{{sfnp|Stalin|1935}} In December 1935 the [[plenary session|plenum]] of the Communist Party's [[Central Committee of the CPSU|Central Committee]] specifically discussed aspects of developing industry and transport systems in light of the Stakhanovite movement.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Pursuing the objectives of the recent Party plenum, the Soviets organized a wide network of industrial training, specifically creating courses for [[:wikt:foreman|foremen]] of socialist labor to initiate and support the movement in the various industry. They introduced Stakhanovite contests in many industries to find the best workers and encourage competition among them.{{sfnp|Siegelbaum|1990|p={{page needed|date=January 2023}}}} In 1936 a number of industrial and technical conferences revised the projected production capacities of different industries and increased their outputs. 
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-67140-0003, Neustrelitz, Forstarbeiterbrigade.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Near [[Neustrelitz]], [[East Germany]], September 1959, a forester (on motorcycle) congratulates a team of women for achieving 184% of a production goal during their shift—by planting 25,000 saplings against a quota of only 16,000.]]

Female Stakhanovites emerged less frequently than male, but a quarter of all [[Trade unions in the Soviet Union|trade-union]] women were designated as "norm-breaking".{{sfnp|Overy|2004|p= 259}} Women working as milkmaids, calf tenders, and fieldworkers represented the preponderance of rural Stakhanovites.{{sfnp|Siegelbaum|Sokolov|2000|p=[https://archive.org/details/stalinismaswayof00sieg /page/18/mode/2up 19]}}

Soviet authorities claimed that the Stakhanovite movement caused significant increases  in labor productivity. It was reported that during the [[First five-year plan (Soviet Union)|first five-year plan]] (1928–32) industrial labor productivity increased by 41%.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} During the second five-year plan (1933–1937) it reportedly increased by 82%. Discussions of the draft constitution in the 1930s were  used to encourage a "second wind" for the movement.{{sfnp|Siegelbaum|Sokolov|2000|p=[https://archive.org/details/stalinismaswayof00sieg/page/160/mode/2up 161]}}

During [[World War II]], the Stakhanovites deployed different methods to increase productivity, such as working several machine-tools at a time and by combining professions. The Stakhanovites organized the {{Interlanguage link|two-hundreders movement|ru|3=Движение двухсотников}} ({{lang|ru|двухсотники}}, or {{Transliteration|ru|dvukhsotniki}}; 200% or more of quota in a single shift).{{sfnp|Williamson|2013|p={{page needed|date=January 2023}}}}