Editing St Catherine's College, Oxford (section)

==History==

St Catherine's College, Oxford traces its origins to 1868. In its first iteration, it was established as a delegacy for {{lang|la|Scholares nulli Collegio vel Aulae ascripti}} ('Scholars enrolled in no college or hall'), by university statute on 11 June 1868.<ref>{{cite book|page=754 |trans-title=To be appended to the Oxford University statutes, or: A complete collation of the academic constitutions|title=Addenda ad Corpus statutorum Universitatis Oxoniensis, sive: Pandectes constitutionum academicarum|id=[<small>NOTE:</small> "The pagination follows that of the Corpus of 1768 and is continued by periodic additions"] |chapter=Stat. Tit. II. Sect. II. Cl. I |date=1869 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT0JAAAAQAAJ&q=nisi+qui+in+aliquod+collegium&pg=PA754 |language=la}}</ref> This delegacy, informally known as the "Delegacy for Unattached Students", was created in response to the recommendation of a [[Royal Commission]] in 1850, that the university be open to a "larger and poorer" sector of the population.<ref name="Hibbert college"/> The delegacy, by allowing students to enrol without belonging to a college, would enable less affluent men to gain an Oxford education without the costs of college membership.<ref name="Catz History">{{cite web |url=https://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/about-us/college-history/ |title=College History |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=St Catherine's College, Oxford |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref> 

The delegacy appointed two of its [[stipend]]iaries, [[George Kitchin]] and George S. Ward, to be known as "Censors", to oversee the education and welfare of the students.<ref>Trotman, R.R. & Garrett, E.J.K. The Non-Collegiate Students and St Catherine's Society 1868–1962 (Oxford University Press, 1962)</ref> Nineteen students matriculated in October 1868 as {{lang|la|Scholares nulli Collegio ascripti}} and were joined throughout the year by another forty, bringing the total number in the first year to 59.<ref>''Report of the'' {{lang|la|Delegati ad aedes licentiandas}}, (Oxford, June 1869) pp. 6−7</ref> Growing quickly, by 1872 the delegacy had admitted 330 students.<ref name="Hibbert college"/> By 1914, more than 4,000 men had matriculated as non-collegiate students.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bullock |first=Alan |date=2000 |chapter=7. 'A Scotch University added to Oxford'? The Non-Collegiate Students |editor1-last=Brock |editor1-first=M. G. |editor1-link=Michael Brock |editor2-last=Cuthoys |editor2-first=M. C. |title=Nineteenth-century Oxford: Part 2 |series=The history of the University of Oxford  |volume=VII |page=207 |isbn=9780199510177 |author-link=Alan Bullock|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford}}</ref> In 1884, the delegacy was renamed the "Delegacy for Non-Collegiate Students".<ref name="Catz History" />

In its first days, a room in the university's Old Clarendon Building was allocated for the operations of the delegacy, and with gifts of books from several donors, a library for the unattached students was installed there. These accommodations soon proved inadequate and in 1888, the delegacy was moved to a building in High Street next to the [[Examination Schools]]. Here the non-collegiate students, as they were known after 1884, had a library in its own dedicated space and two lecture halls. There was an administration office and rooms for the Censors and tutors. Designed by [[Thomas Graham Jackson|T. G. Jackson]], this building is now the [[Ruskin School of Art]]. In 1936, the delegacy moved again, from its outgrown High Street premises to the limestone buildings on St Aldates, south of [[Christ Church, Oxford]] which are now part of the Oxford University's Faculty of Music.<ref name="Hibbert college"/>

By 1956, the society had developed many of the characteristics of an Oxford college and the delegates decided to formalise this change in status by obtaining approval to turn it into a fully residential college within the University of Oxford.<ref name="brief">{{cite web|url=http://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/the_college_pages/brief_college_history.htm |title=	Brief College History: History and buildings; The Delegacy; St Catharine's Club; St Catherine's Society |access-date=13 May 2007 |website=St. Catherine's College, Oxford |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109231241/http://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/the_college_pages/brief_college_history.htm |archive-date=9 November 2006|quote=The club that became St. Catherine's Society took its name from its original meeting place, St Catharine's Hall, a house in Broad Street now forming part of Hertford College. However the connection with the saint is appropriate for a college founded on an ethos of high academic standards combined with a doggedly independent streak." ... "The College celebrates its patron saint each year with a special Catz Night dinner, attended by junior and senior members of the College, at the end of which a giant Catherine wheel is lit in the quad. }}</ref> After acquiring {{convert|8|acre|ha}} from [[Merton College, Oxford]] on part of Holywell Great Meadow for £57,690, monies were sought from the [[University Grants Committee (UK)|University Grants Committee]] who also agreed to supply £250,000 towards the building, and additional funds up to £400,000 for all facilities. By 1960, <!-- Not knighted until 1972. -->Alan Bullock raised a further £1,000,000 with assistance from two industrialists, <!-- Not knighted until 1961. -->[[Alan Herries Wilson|Alan Wilson]] (whom he met by chance on the {{RMS|Queen Mary}}) and <!-- Knighted in 1943, the title's use here is thus not anachronistic. -->Sir [[Hugh Beaver]]. After a total expenditure of £2.5&nbsp;million, the college opened in 1962. In 1974, St Catherine's was one of the first men's colleges to admit women as full members, the others being [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]], [[Jesus College, Oxford|Jesus College]], [[Hertford College, Oxford|Hertford]] and [[Wadham College, Oxford|Wadham]].<ref name="Women_at_Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/women-at-oxford |title=Women at Oxford |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=12 June 2016}}</ref>

In keeping with its complete history, including its earliest incarnation, the college celebrated its 150th anniversary in the academic year 2018–2019, coinciding with the 2018 Ball 'Continuum'. The 50th anniversary of the establishment of the College itself, as a ''college'', was celebrated in 2012.<ref name="Catz History"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sivachelvam|first=Saranja|date=10 September 2012|title=Fifty years of St Catz|url=https://www.oxfordstudent.com/2012/09/10/fifty-years-of-st-catz/|access-date=6 June 2020|work=The Oxford Student|language=en-GB}}</ref>

===College name===
In 1931, the delegacy officially acquired the name, "St Catherine's Society", with the current spelling. Variations of ''St Catharine'' having been used by the students for their sporting teams and various clubs since the 1870s, the name was already strongly associated with the delegacy. First forming a social club in April 1869, the students called it the "Clarendon University Club", taking that name from the Old Clarendon Building where the delegacy had been allocated a room. The students soon expanded their organised activities. By 1874 they began a more comprehensive association, which they called the St {{sic|Catharine's}} Club, after its headquarters, the hall where they dined and held meetings.<ref name="Hibbert college">{{cite encyclopedia|author-link= Christopher Hibbert |last1=Hibbert |first1=Christopher |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia of Oxford |date=1988 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn=978-0-333-39917-0 |pages=379−382 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofo0000hibb/page/380/mode/2up |title=St Catherine's College}}</ref> St Catharine's Hall had long been associated with the saint, having been built {{circa|1520}} as a chapel, popularly called St Catherine's Chapel, (though officially "Chapel of Our Lady at Smith Gate").<ref>{{cite web |title=Official list entry 1369642: Hertford College, Chapel of Mary at Smith's Gate |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1369642?section=official-list-entry |website= Historic England |language=en}}; {{cite web |title=Hertford College, Chapel of Mary at Smith's Gate |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1369642 |website=Historic England |language=en |quote=Non-Civil Parish - 1369642}}</ref><ref name="ox encyc">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Salter |editor1-first=H E |editor2-last=Lobel |editor2-first=Mary D |via=British History Online |title=St. Catherine's Society |date=1954 |location=London |publisher=Victoria County History |pages=338–339 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp338-339 |access-date=14 March 2023 |encyclopedia=A History of the County of Oxford |volume=3: The University of Oxford|editor1-link=Herbert Edward Salter|editor2-link=Mary Lobel}}</ref> Although deconsecrated, the 16th-century appellation of "St Catharine's" remained attached to the site throughout its later history.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Smith Gate and its Chapel |url=http://www.oxfordhistory.org.uk/city_wall/04_smith_gate.html |website=Oxford History: Oxford City Wall |access-date=16 March 2023 |author1=Stephanie Jenkins}}</ref> The building's address at the time of the Club's tenancy was 29 [[Broad Street, Oxford|Broad Street]]; it fronted, though, onto [[Catte Street]], also known as Catherine Street from some point in the late 19th century until 1930—and first recorded as Kattestreete {{circa|1210}}, ''Catte'' in 1402, ''Cate'' or ''Kate'' in the 17th century, and ''Cat'' or ''Catte'' again in the 1800s, the street's name enhancing the association with ''Catherine''.<ref name="Hibbert catte">{{cite encyclopedia|author-link= Christopher Hibbert |last1=Hibbert |first1=Christopher |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia of Oxford |date=1988 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn=978-0-333-39917-0 |page=72 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofo0000hibb/page/72/mode/2up |title=Catte Street}}</ref>

In this way, the college became indirectly associated with the saint, [[Catherine of Alexandria]]. Despite the initially accidental relationship, St Catherine is celebrated as the college's patron saint "with a special Catz Night dinner{{nbsp}}... at the end of which a giant Catherine wheel is lit in the quad".<ref name="brief"/> Other elements of this can be seen in the college [[blazon]], which depicts four [[Breaking wheel|Catherine wheels]], one of St Catherine's attributes. While religious iconography can also be seen today in some of the college's symbols, the college's origins were largely secular.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Stephanie Jenkins |url=http://www.oxfordhistory.org.uk/broad/buildings/east/hertford/29.html |title=Broad Street, Oxford: No. 29 — Former Octagonal Chapel|website=Oxford History: Broad Street |access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=Oxford History: The High |url=http://www.oxfordhistory.org.uk/high/tour/north/catte.html |date=8 September 2021|author1=Stephanie Jenkins |title=Catte Street, Oxford }}</ref>