Editing St Anne's College, Oxford (section)

==History==
===Society of Oxford Home-Students (1879–1942)===
What is now St Anne's College began as part of the [[Association for the Education of Women]] (AEW), the first institution in Oxford with that aim. It then became the Society of Oxford Home-Students.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/about/st-annes-history.html |title=St Anne's History |website=St Anne's College, Oxford |access-date=2 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823094941/http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/about/st-annes-history.html |archive-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> Unlike other women's associations, the society had no fixed site, instead offering lodgings in houses spread across Oxford. This allowed students of various financial backgrounds to study at Oxford, as the cost of accommodation in women's halls was often prohibitive.<ref name="history"/> In the early 20th century, the college housed some students in hostels managed by [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] and [[Anglican]] [[nuns]]. Springfield, St Mary was managed by Anglican nuns of the [[Community of St Mary the Virgin]] in houses in [[Banbury Road, Oxford|Banbury Road]] where they, and other hostels, "had to exercise control over their students according to the rules of the college".<ref>{{cite report |editor1-last=Langer |editor1-first=A. |title=St Anne's College Alumnae Personal Histories |publisher=St Anne's College, Oxford |date=14 June 2021 |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/St-Annes-History-Project.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402150547/https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/St-Annes-History-Project.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Anson |first1=Peter Frederick |title=The Call of the Cloister Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion |date=1964 |publisher=S.P.C.K. |page=258}}</ref> Other hostels were run by Catholic nuns: the [[Society of the Sacred Heart]] in [[Norham Gardens]], the Sisters of Notre Dame in Woodstock Road and the [[Society of the Holy Child Jesus]] at Cherwell Edge in St Cross Road.<ref name=VCH>{{cite web |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp351-353 |title=St. Anne's College |website=British History Online |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> Springfield St Mary was advertised in 1985 in [[Country Life Magazine|''Country Life'' Magazine]] as being for sale.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=Country Life |title=Springfield, Banbury Road, Oxford |date=1985 |volume=178 |page=1348 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3IhAQAAMAAJ |access-date=12 April 2021 |quote=BANBURY ROAD, OXFORD By order of the Community of St. Mary the Virgin at Wantage.}}</ref> 

From 1898 till 1906, the Society of Home Students saw some of its members in residence at [[Wychwood School]], then situated at 77 [[Banbury Road, Oxford|Banbury Road]]. They were supervised by Miss Margaret Lee who in 1913, was appointed [[Tutor]] to the Oxford Home Students, holding this position until she retired in 1936.<ref>{{cite web |title=London's National Portrait Gallery – Miss Lee |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp101069/margaret-lucy-lee |publisher=NPG – London |access-date=13 April 2021|quote=By this time [1896]  Margaret had made a plan to take rooms in Oxford for both of them and help Miss [A.S.] Batty to establish a school for girls. This plan was successfully carried out. Margaret and Miss Batty established themselves at 41 Banbury Road and in January I897 a few pupils, daughters of Oxford dons, formed a nucleus of what was later to become Wychwood School. The little school flourished, pupils flocked in, more rooms in the house were added till, in 1898, the lease and later the ownership of 77 Banbury Road were acquired. Miss Batty's health improved marvellously and her wonderful power as a teacher began to be felt. 77 Banbury Road, a charming Regency house with a little garden stretching along North Parade, swarmed with school-children by day, and there were usually a few young women living there while reading for various examinations. The school soon overflowed and moved to Park Crescent in 1906 [shortly thereafter returning to Banbury Road]...To return to Margaret's academic career at Oxford: she held her teaching appointments under the Association for the Education of Women and in 1913 was appointed Tutor to the Oxford Home Students (later St. Anne's College) and she held this until she retired in 1936...MARGARET LUCY LEE was born on 14 July 1871, the eldest child of Thomas William Lee, son of Joseph Lee, of Redbrook House, Flint, and Margaret Anne, daughter of Rev. C. H. Lyon, of Glen Ogil, the seat for 500 years of the cadet branch of the Bowes-Lyons of Glamis Castle.  }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A4QxAQAAMAAJ&q=miss+Batty+77+Banbury+Road+Oxford |access-date=13 February 2022|quote=Miss Batty, 77 Banbury Road, Oxford – page vi|title=Religions of the lower culture. Section II. Religions of China and Japan. Section III. Religions of the Egyptians. Section IV. Religions of the Semites | last1=Johnson | first1=John de Monins }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kloester |first1=J. |title=Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller |date=2013 |publisher=Arrow Books |page=42 |isbn=9780434020713 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gsJTd-tROyYC&dq=miss+Batty%27s+School+for+the+daughters+of+Oxford+Dons&pg=PA42 |access-date=12 April 2022 |quote=Later, Carola and Joanna both went to Miss Batty's School for the daughters of Oxford dons (later called the Wychwood School) where they created a ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Archives – St Anne's College, Oxford |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/life-here/library/archives/ |publisher=St Anne's College, Oxford |access-date=31 January 2022|quote=O.H.S. 1/1. Oxford Home-Students under AEW auspices. Reports 1879–1910 [...Miss G. [Gertrude]  Middleton ...member of Society of Oxford Home Students from 1900–1902...[and] lived [during this time] at 77 Banbury Road, Oxford...}}</ref> [[File:Olive Middleton in 1915 (back row, far right) - at Gledhow Hall, the estate of her cousin, Baroness Airedale.jpg|thumb|left|Society of Oxford Home-Students member  [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD nurse]] Gertrude Middleton (standing back row, 2nd from right) beside her sister-in-law  (seated on arm of couch) [[Family of Catherine, Princess of Wales|Olive Middleton]] in 1915 at [[Gledhow Hall]]]] Early students of the college included the great-great aunt of [[Catherine, Princess of Wales]]. [[Anglican]] nun and [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]] nurse [[Family of Catherine, Princess of Wales|Gertrude Middleton]] (1876–1942) lived in college accommodation at  Banbury Road having  commenced her studies at Oxford in 1900. Her sister [[Middleton family|Margaret Middleton]] (1880–1900) was due to study at Oxford alongside her but drowned earlier that year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tominey |first1=Camilla |title=Duchess of Cambridge's great-great aunt was a mental asylum patient – just like Prince William's great-grandmother |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/19/duchess-cambridges-great-great-aunt-mental-asylum-patient/|access-date=12 February 2023 |publisher=UK Daily Telegraph |date=19 August 2022 |quote=Historian discovers the couple's relatives lived parallel lives, becoming nuns and working as volunteer nurses during the First World War...Born in 1876, Gertrude was the wealthy sister of the Duchess of Cambridge’s great-grandfather Noel Middleton...A brilliant student, Gertrude completed her schooling at age 18 in 1894 in Scotland at the exclusive ladies boarding school St Leonards School in Fife - modelled on Prince William’s alma mater Eton. The school was surrounded by the University of St Andrews - where the Cambridges met while studying history of art. Like the Duchess, Gertrude was sporty, playing tennis and lacrosse on the university’s playing fields as well as golf on the school’s own golf course. Gertrude also played the piano like the Duchess. She continued further study at St Anne’s College, Oxford, from 1900-1902 where her first cousin Henry Middleton was studying law at Oxford and could therefore act as her chaperone...Gertrude became a nun at the Anglican Convent of the Epiphany, Truro, Cornwall which had been established by the Bishop of St Andrews, George Wilkinson.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Archives – St Anne's College, Oxford |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/life-here/library/archives/ |publisher=St Anne's College, Oxford |access-date=31 January 2022|quote=O.H.S. 1/1. Oxford Home-Students under AEW auspices. Reports 1879–1910 [...Miss G. [Gertrude]  Middleton ...member of Society of Oxford Home Students from 1900–1902...[and] lived [during this time] at 77 Banbury Road, Oxford...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=S. |title=Tragic Loss of Young Photographer in Filey Seaside Incident Sparks Generational Legacy of Photography Among Middletons |url=https://tdpelmedia.com/tragic-loss-of-young-photographer-in-filey-seaside-incident-sparks-generational-legacy-of-photography-among-middletons/ |access-date=10 August 2024 |publisher=TDPel |quote=Margaret’s Life and Aspirations: Margaret was not just an avid photographer but also a promising young woman who had ambitions of attending Oxford University.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Joseph |first1=Claudia |title=Kate: The Making of a Princess |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSLbxXJdINIC&dq=claudia+Joseph+Kate+princess+in+waiting&pg=PT131|date=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |access-date=10 August 2024 |quote=Gertrude was very religious...Filey, where tragedy struck once again...went for a walk along Filey Brigg...Margaret  had disappeared...}}</ref> 

The first woman Hon. Lady Secretary of the [[Association for the Education of Women]] was [[Charlotte Byron Green|Charlotte Green]]  whose husband [[T.H. Green]] had also acted as secretary to the association in the 1870s. Her husband having died, Charlotte, a [[social reformer]], resolved to "do what my Husband wanted me to do — to make friends with working people and help them if I could that way".<ref name=jjjj>{{Cite ODNB|title=Green [née Symonds], Charlotte Byron (1842–1929), promoter of women's education|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48416|access-date=2020-08-11|year = 2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/48416}}</ref> From 1894 to 1921 [[Bertha Johnson]], a daughter of [[Robert Bentley Todd]] and wife of Reverend [[Arthur Johnson (historian)|Arthur Henry Johnson]], historian and chaplain of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls College]], was the Principal of the Society. An emphasis on  [[social work]]  saw the Society of Home-Students  work with the [[Lady Margaret Hall]] Settlement; the Principal of the Society from 1940 to 1953, [[Eleanor Plumer]], had previously been Warden of the Mary Ward Settlement (1923-1927).<ref>Email from college archivist "In our published history of St Anne’s - https://oac.web.ox.ac.uk/st-annes-college - [Histories - Ruth Florence Butler and M H Prichard, Saint Anne's College: A History (Oxford, Privately Published, 1957) and Marjorie Reeves, St Anne's College, Oxford: An Informal History (Oxford: St Anne's College, 1979)] there are references to the Society of Home-Students working with the Lady Margaret Hall Settlement and the Principal of the Society from 1940 to 1953 (Eleanor Plumer) had previously been Warden of the Mary Ward Settlement (1923-1927)."</ref> The [[Blackfriars Settlement|Women's University Settlement, Blackfriars Road]]  was partly the result of T.H. Green's  "inspiring influence".<ref>{{cite book |title=St Hugh's College - Council of St Hugh's College - Miss Rogers, Society of Oxford Home-Students (Tutor)... Miss Dorothy Frances Middleton, Worker at Women's University Settlement, Blackfriars Road  |date=1912 |publisher=St Hughs College, Oxford |page=3, 11, 41 |url=https://issuu.com/sthughscollegeoxford/docs/r-1-1-1912 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1879 Somerville Hall and The Society of Oxford Home-Students (later St Anne's) were formed. LMH and Somerville received their first students |url=https://www.firstwomenatoxford.ox.ac.uk/1879-somerville-hall-and-the-society-of-oxford-home-students-later-st-annes-were-formed.-lmh-and-som |publisher=University of Oxford |access-date=11 May 2023 |quote=The Society of Oxford Home-Students (later known as St Anne’s) -  In 1879, twenty-five women students came under the supervision of the Lady Secretary of the AEW, Charlotte Green, (wife of [[T.H. Green]])...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Morrow |first1=J. |title=T.H. Green - The Feminism of T.H. Green |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o7wbAQAAMAAJ&q=T+H+Green++university+women%27s+settlement |publisher=Ashgate |page=479,480,481,482 |quote=The University Women's Settlement founded in Southwark in 1887 proved only one of many ... Green's inspiring influence on the (Women's University) Settlement Movement is well known...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Holloway |first1=C. |title=Women and the Anglican Church Congress 1861-1938 |date=2023 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxqqEAAAQBAJ&dq=T+H+Green+blackfriars+university+women%27s+settlement&pg=PA142 |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bush |first1=J. |title=Women Against the Vote |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=49,50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jw1REAAAQBAJ&dq=society+home+students+oxford+university+women%27s+settlement&pg=PA50 |access-date=11 May 2023 |quote=T.H. Green had [in the] 1870s acted as secretary to the Association for the Education of Women, as well as assisting the formation of the Society of Home Students ... [Green had used the model of] the late Victorian settlements which enabled university men and women to help the poor by living amongst them. The success of such ventures owed much to the general expansion of both philanthropy...}}</ref>

In 1910, the Society of Oxford Home-Students, with the other women's societies, was recognised by the university. In 1912, the society acquired its first tutors, in German, History and English Literature. In the 1920s, the principals of the women's societies became the first women to receive degrees from the university. The society in the early 1930s still had no centralised site, but within a few years the current location was chosen and by 1937 construction of Hartland House was underway.<ref name="history"/>

===St Anne's Society (1942–1952)===
In 1942, the Society of Oxford Home-Students was renamed the St Anne's Society and given its coat of arms by Eleanor Plumer (Principal, 1940–1953).<ref name="History Brochure"/> The name '''St Anne's''' was chosen as historically, there was a chapel of [[Saint Anne]] at the  [[University Church of St Mary the Virgin]] where, from the college's earliest days, the whole student body would gather for termly services.<ref>{{cite web |title=St Anne's College – What's In A Name? |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/life-here/library/blog/name/ |publisher=St Anne’s College, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HS, UK |access-date=8 August 2021 |quote=The Society of Oxford Home-Students had termly services at The University Church of St Mary the Virgin, one of the few opportunities when the whole student body could be gathered together each term.  This link may have made the idea of Mary or Mary's mother, Anne, more appealing. Historically there had also been a chapel of St Anne at the University Church.}}</ref>

===St Anne's College (1952 onwards)===
In 1952, the St Anne's Society acquired a royal charter as St Anne's College and in 1959 full college status along with the other women's colleges.<ref name="History Brochure">{{cite web |url=http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Publications/St._Annes_History_Brochure_David_Smith.pdf |title=St Anne's History Brochure |publisher=st-annes.ox.ac.uk |access-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808183330/http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Publications/St._Annes_History_Brochure_David_Smith.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2019 |quote="Only in 1959 did the five women's colleges acquire full collegiate status so that their councils became governing bodies and they were, like the men's colleges, fully self-governing."}}</ref> The Principal at the time, Mary Ogilvie, pressed for a transition from many disparate dining rooms to a common building. This led to the construction of the dining hall completed in 1959 and visited by [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1960. Meanwhile student numbers grew to nearly 300, which called for more accommodation and led to the construction of the Wolfson and Rayne buildings in 1964 and 1968. In 1977, the decision was made to become coeducational, with the first male undergraduates [[Matriculation|matriculating]] in 1979.<ref name="History Brochure"/>

Since then, St Anne's has continued to use female words and pronouns, such as "alumnae" to refer to current and former students. The college explains this: "On 17 June 1979, in the nervous time when the first male Fellows had been elected, and the first male students admitted though they had not yet arrived, a note from the Dean to Governing Body asks hesitantly 'Would Governing Body wish "he" (or "he/she") to be substituted for "she" throughout the College Regulations?' Eventually the question was answered (or perhaps avoided) by a carefully worded statement that remains in the preamble to our Regulations: 'words importing the feminine gender shall include the masculine and vice versa, where the construction so permits and the Regulations do not otherwise expressly provide.'"<ref name="Alumnae">{{cite web |url=http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/alumnae/our-alumnae |title=St Anne's College, Oxford > Alumnæ & friends> Our alumnæ |website=st-annes.ox.ac.uk |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2023, work began on the full reconstruction of the Bevington Road accommodation blocks, in order to make them more suitable for future generations of students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Bevington Road Regeneration {{!}} St Anne's College, Oxford |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/alumnae/bevington-road/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===''The Ship''===
The annual magazine for former college members is called ''The Ship''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/alumnae/association-of-senior-members/the-ship.html |title=The Ship |publisher=St Anne's College, Oxford |work=Alumnae & Friends |access-date=2 June 2011 |archive-date=7 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007014843/http://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/alumnae/association-of-senior-members/the-ship.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> When still the Society of Oxford Home-Students, the college had its first [[common room]] in [[Ship Street, Oxford|Ship Street]], central Oxford.<ref name="history"/> ''The Ship'' started up in about 1910; by the college centenary in 1979 there had been 69 issues.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Ship |publisher=St Anne's College |date=1979 |magazine=The Ship}}</ref> It marked its centenary issue of 2010/2011 with anniversary content.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Ship |publisher=St Anne's College |date=2011 |magazine=The Ship}}</ref>