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==History== At the time of European encounter, the inhabitants of the area that became Spotsylvania County were a [[Siouan languages|Siouan]]-speaking tribe called the [[Manahoac]].<ref name=swanton>{{cite book |last=Swanton |first=John R. |title=The Indian Tribes of North America |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |year=1952 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtHI5pkJOGMC |isbn=0-8063-1730-2 |pages=61β62 |oclc=52230544}}</ref> As the colonial population increased, Spotsylvania County was established in 1721 from parts of [[Essex County, Virginia|Essex]], [[King and Queen County, Virginia|King and Queen]], and [[King William County, Virginia|King William]] counties. The county was named in Latin for [[Lieutenant Governor of Virginia]] [[Alexander Spotswood]] who incidentally was also the second great-grandfather of [[Robert E. Lee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://famouskin.com/famous-kin-chart.php?name=4640+robert+e+lee&kin=4667+alexander+spotswood|title = Family relationship of General Robert e. Lee and Alexander Spotswood via Alexander Spotswood}}</ref> Many major battles were fought in this county during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], including the [[Battle of Chancellorsville]], [[Battle of the Wilderness]], [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], and [[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]]. The war resulted in widespread disruption and opportunity: some 10,000 African-American slaves left area plantations and city households to cross the Rappahannock River, reaching the Union lines and gaining freedom. This exodus is commemorated by historical markers on both sides of the river.<ref name="trail">[http://rrhthistory.umwblogs.org/trail-of-freedom/#comment-11452 "Trail of Freedom"], Rappahannock River Heritage Trail, University of Mary Washington blog</ref> General [[Stonewall Jackson]] was shot and seriously wounded by [[friendly fire]] in Spotsylvania County during the [[Battle of Chancellorsville]]. A group of Confederate soldiers from [[North Carolina]] were in the woods and heard General Jackson's party returning from reconnoitering the Union lines. They mistook them for a Federal patrol and fired on them, wounding Jackson in both arms. His left arm was amputated. General Jackson died a few days later from [[pneumonia]] at nearby Guinea Station. He and other Confederate wounded were being gathered there for evacuation to hospitals to the south and further away from enemy lines.
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