Editing Speed Graphic (section)

==Description==
Despite the common [[appellation]] of ''Speed Graphic'', various Graphic models were produced between 1912 and 1973.<ref name="gra" /> The authentic '''Speed Graphic''' has a [[focal plane shutter]] that the Crown Graphic and Century Graphic models lack. The eponymous name "speed" came from the maximum speed of 1/1000 sec. that could be achieved with the focal plane shutter.<ref name="focal">{{cite web|title=Speed/Crown/Super Graphic Features|url=http://www.graflex.org/speed-graphic/features.html#FocalPlane|website=www.graflex.org|access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> The Speed Graphic was available in 2¼ × 3¼ inch, 3¼ × 4¼ inch, 5 × 7 inch and the most common format 4 × 5 inch. Because of the focal plane shutter, the Speed Graphic can also use lenses that do not have shutters (known as barrel lenses).<ref name=FAQ2/>

Using a Speed Graphic, especially with the rear shutter system, was a slow process. Setting the focal plane shutter speed required selecting both a slit width and a spring tension. Each exposure required the photographer to change the [[film holder]], open the [[Diaphragm shutter|lens shutter]], cock the focal plane shutter, remove the [[dark slide]] from the inserted film holder, [[Focus (optics)|focus]] the camera, {{efn|The Speed Graphic typically had several methods to focus. This sequence describes using the quick framing view finder on the top of the camera, the wire front and rear peepsight, or the optional added rangefinder. If a [[Ground glass#Photography|ground glass]] plate were used to focus it would be in place of the film holder, so focusing was done on the ground glass prior to the insertion of the film and removal of the dark slide.}} and release the focal plane shutter. Conversely, if the [[Diaphragm shutter|lens shutter]] were used, the focal plane shutter (on the Speed Graphic and Pacemaker Graphic models with both shutters) had to be opened prior to cocking using the "T" or TIME setting, and then releasing the shutter in the lens. If indoors, the photographer also had to change the [[Flash (photography)#Flashbulbs|flashbulb]]. Each film holder contained one or two pieces of sheet film, which the photographer had to load in complete darkness. Faster shooting could be achieved with the [[Film holder#Multi-sheet holders|Grafmatic film holder]]—a six sheet film "changer" that holds each sheet in a [[septum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://graflex.org/speed-graphic/grafmatic/|title=Grafmatic Sheet Film Holder|website=graflex.org|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref>  Even faster exposures could be taken if the photographer was shooting film packs of 12 exposures, or later 16 exposures (discontinued in the late 1970s). With film packs one could shoot as fast as one could pull the tab and cock the shutter, and film packs could be loaded in daylight.  A roll film adapter that used [[120 film|120 or 220 film]] was available for 2.25 × 3.25, 3.25 × 4.25 and 4 × 5 inch cameras that permitted 8 to 20 exposures per roll, depending on the model of the adapter.<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web | url=http://graflex.org/speed-graphic/accessories.html#RollFilmBacks | title=Graflex Graphic Accessories - Roll Film Backs | publisher=www.graflex.org | work=The Graflex Speed Graphic FAQ | access-date=September 2, 2015}}</ref> Photographers had to be conservative and anticipate when the action was about to take place to take the right picture. The cry, "Just one more!" if a shot was missed was common. President [[Harry Truman]] introduced the White House photographers as the "Just One More Club."<ref name="moments">Buell, Hal. ''Moments: The Pulitzer Prize-Winning Photographs''. Tess Press (2005).</ref>

===Operation of the focal plane shutter===
The focal plane shutter consists of a rubberized flexible curtain with slits of varying widths that cross the film plane at speeds determined by the tension setting of the spring mechanism. There are 4 slits with widths of 1/8 in, 3/8 in, 3/4 in, 1 1/2 in and “T” (T = “time” setting, used when lens diaphragm shutter is used to control exposure duration. The focal plane shutter is left completely open until manually released. The opening covers the entire area of the film for the size of the camera.) <ref name="focal"/><ref name=FAQ2/> On Speed Graphic models, there are 6 tension settings, adjusted by a butterfly winding knob that increases the speed that the slit crosses the film plane. On Pacemaker Graphic models, there are only 2 settings (high and low).<ref name="focal"/> The combination of the slit width and the spring tension allows for exposure speeds varying from 1/10 to 1/1000 sec.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Slit width (inches)
| 1/8 || 3/8 || 3/4 || 1 1/2 || T
|-
!Tension 1
| 1/350 sec. || 1/110 sec. || 1/40 sec. || 1/10 sec. || (open)
|-
!Tension 2
| 1/440 sec. || 1/135 sec. || 1/50 sec. || 1/15 sec. || (open)
|-
!Tension 3
| 1/550 sec. || 1/160 sec. || 1/65 sec. || 1/20 sec. || (open)
|-
!Tension 4
| 1/680 sec. || 1/195 sec. || 1/75 sec. || 1/25 sec. || (open)
|-
!Tension 5
| 1/825 sec. || 1/235 sec. || 1/80 sec. || 1/30 sec. || (open)
|-
!Tension 6
| 1/1000 sec. || 1/295 sec. || 1/90 sec. || 1/35 sec. || (open)
|-
|}