Editing Southern hip-hop (section)

==History==
[[File:Lil Wayne Feb. 2020.jpg|thumb|New Orleans rapper [[Lil Wayne]]]]
[[File:Luther Campbell by David Cabrera.jpg|alt=Uncle Luke|thumb|Miami rapper [[Uncle Luke]], considered one of the pioneers of southern hip-hop.]]
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the American hip-hop music market was primarily dominated by artists from the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] and [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]. [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York City]] were the two main cities where hip-hop was receiving widespread attention. The West Coast was mainly represented by groups like [[N.W.A]], [[Death Row Records]], and the East Coast had people like [[The Notorious B.I.G.]], [[Nas]] and groups like the [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[Mobb Deep]] and [[Bad Boy Records]].<ref name="rapworld1">{{cite web|title=Rap & Hiphop History |url=http://www.rapworld.com/history/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301090501/http://www.rapworld.com/history/ |archive-date=March 1, 2016 }}</ref> In the mid 1980s, cities throughout the Southern United States began to catch on to the hip-hop music movement.<ref name="rapworld1"/> The [[Geto Boys]], a hip-hop group from [[Houston]], were among the first hip-hop artists from the Southern United States to gain widespread popularity. Southern hip-hop's roots can be traced to the success of the group's ''[[Grip It! On That Other Level]]'' in 1989, the [[Rick Rubin]]-produced ''[[The Geto Boys (album)|The Geto Boys]]'' in 1990, and ''[[We Can't Be Stopped]]'' in 1991.<ref name="Dirty South">{{Cite news |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2011/03/excerpt_dirty_s.php |title=Dirty South |last=Westhoff |first=Ben |date=March 18, 2011 |work=Village Voice |access-date=March 18, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423035054/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2011/03/excerpt_dirty_s.php |archive-date=April 23, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

By the mid-1990s, [[Atlanta]] had become a center in Southern hip-hop music. Local production crews such as [[Organized Noize]] that represented hip-hop groups such as [[Outkast]] and [[Goodie Mob]] played a huge part in helping the South become a center for hip-hop music.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Grem |first=Darren E. |date=Winter 2006 |title=The South Got Something To Say: Atlanta's Dirty South and the Southernization of Hip-Hop America |url=https://southernstudies.olemiss.edu/media/Grem_OutKast-Article.pdf |journal=Southern Studies |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=55–73 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Schooling Hip-Hop: Expanding Hip-Hop Based Education Across the Curriculum|last=Lamont Hill|first=Marc|publisher=Teacher's College Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0807754313}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Westhoff |first=Ben |date=2015-04-08 |title=Has southern hip-hop lost its bounce? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/apr/08/southern-hop-hop-lost-bounce |access-date=2024-06-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Murder Dog magazine and [[Ozone (magazine)|Ozone magazine]] presented information about gangsta rap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lefebvre |first=Sam |date=2017-09-08 |title=The Surreal Life of Black Dog Bone, Founder of the Legendary Rap Magazine Murder Dog |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/profile/the-surreal-life-of-black-dog-bone-founder-of-the-legendary-rap-magazine-murder-dog/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Pitchfork |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-04 |title=Julia Beverly, Founder Of Ozone Magazine, Explains Why Publication Is No Longer Running [Video] |url=https://rickeysmileymorningshow.com/1639967/julia-beverly-ozone-magazine-no-longer/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=The Rickey Smiley Morning Show |language=en-US}}</ref>

A defining moment for Southern rap was at the 1995 Source Awards. The duo Outkast<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/outkast-mn0000420381  OutKast Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More]
 AllMusic  Retrieved 12 June 2024</ref> had just been awarded Best New Artist, and within the tension that was the East Coast–West Coast feud, member [[André 3000]] came up on stage followed by boos and said, "But it's like this though, I'm tired of them closed minded folks, it's like we gotta demo tape but don't nobody want to hear it. But it's like this: the South got something to say, that's all I got to say." As stated by rapper [[T.I.]], "Outkast, period. Outkast. That's when it changed. That was the first time when people began to take Southern rap seriously."<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/vwLG7aSYM3w Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20141216045950/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwLG7aSYM3w&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|last=TheMaxTrailers|title=Outkast winning Best New Rap Group at the Source Awards 1995|date=2014-10-12|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwLG7aSYM3w|access-date=2018-05-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Former co-owner of the magazine ''[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]'' [[Benzino]] took credit for the incident in an interview from April 2023, saying "they gave Outkast 4.5 mics (out of 5)... and it got back to Outkast... I didn't understand the music and I was wrong."<ref>{{Cite web |title=rock the bells |url=https://rockthebells.com/articles/benzino-takes-credit-for-andre-3000s-source-awards-speech/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=rockthebells.com}}</ref><!-- In 1995, another iconic group, started releasing music.  They eventually went with hits such as Watermelon, Chicken & Gritz. Po Folks and worked with Kanye West, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, and others.The most successful Southern independent labels during the mid-to-late 90s came out of the cities of [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] and [[New Orleans]]. --> Both scenes borrowed heavily from a production style first introduced by way of the obscure late-1980s New York rap group The Showboys, heavily sampling the beats from their song "Drag Rap (Trigger Man)".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Hebblewaith|first=Phil|title=808 State Of Mind: Proto-Crunk Originator DJ Spanish Fly|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/05588-dj-spanish-fly-interview|magazine=The Quietus|access-date=26 January 2013}}</ref> By the early 2000s, these scenes found mainstream success through [[Disturbing tha Peace]] in Atlanta, [[Cash Money Records]] and [[No Limit Records]] out of New Orleans, and [[Hypnotize Minds]] out of Memphis, revolutionizing financial structures and strategies for independent Southern rap labels. According to HipHopDX, "Not only is the South on the radar, but now the region that was an underdog is the barometer for rap music and hip-hop culture."<ref>{{cite web |last=Dureault |first=Zoe |date=August 13, 2015 |title=Southern Rap's Rise Documented In "The Takeover" Film |website=[[HipHopDX]] |url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.35074/title.southern-raps-rise-documented-in-the-takeover-film |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815010342/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.35074/title.southern-raps-rise-documented-in-the-takeover-film |archive-date=August 15, 2015 |access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref>

By the early to mid-2000s, artists from the South had begun to develop mainstream popularity with artists like [[Slim Thug]], [[Paul Wall]], [[Mike Jones (rapper)|Mike Jones]], and [[Lil Keke]] from Houston; [[T.I.]], [[Ludacris]], [[Lil Jon]], [[Gucci Mane]] and [[Jeezy]] from Atlanta; [[Trick Daddy]] and [[Rick Ross]] from Miami; [[Master P]], [[B.G. (rapper)|B.G.]], [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Juvenile (rapper)|Juvenile]] from New Orleans, and [[Three 6 Mafia]] and [[Yo Gotti]] from Memphis all becoming major label stars during this time.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Westhoff |first=Ben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Umlj8euT4tIC |title=Dirty South: OutKast, Lil Wayne, Soulja Boy, and the Southern Rappers Who Reinvented Hip-Hop |year=2011 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-56976-867-9 |language=en}}</ref>

Southern hip-hop peaked in popularity from 2002 through 2004. In 2002, Southern hip-hop artists accounted for 50 to 60 percent of the singles on hip-hop music charts. On the week of December 13, 2003, Southern urban artists, labels and producers accounted for six of the top 10 slots on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]: [[Outkast]] (with two singles), [[Ludacris]], [[Kelis]] (produced by [[The Neptunes]]), [[Beyoncé]] and [[Chingy]] (on [[Ludacris]]' [[Disturbing Tha Peace]] label). Additionally, from October 2003 through December 2004, the number one position on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 pop chart was held by a Southern urban artist for 58 out of 62 weeks. This was capped by the week of December 11, 2004 when seven out of the top ten songs on the chart were held by or featured Southern urban artists. In 2004, ''Vibe'' magazine reported that Southern artists accounted for 43.6% of the airplay on urban radio stations (compared to 29.7% for the Midwest, 24.1% for the East Coast and 2.5% for the West coast).<ref name=":0" />