Editing South West England (section)

==Geography==
{{Politics of England}}
[[File:High Willhays.jpg|thumb|[[High Willhays]] on [[Dartmoor]], Devon, the region's highest point]]

===Geology and landscape===
Most of the region is located on the [[South West Peninsula]], between the [[English Channel]] and [[Bristol Channel]]. It has  the longest coastline of all the English regions, totalling over {{convert|700|mi|km|-1}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://southwest-ra.gov.uk/media/SWRA/RSS%20Documents/Final%20Draft/draftrssfull.pdf |title=South West Regional Assembly, Draft Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West, paras.1.1.3 and 7.2.1 |access-date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304203728/http://www.southwest-ra.gov.uk/media/SWRA/RSS%20Documents/Final%20Draft/draftrssfull.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of the coast is now protected from further substantial development because of its environmental importance, which contributes to the region's attractiveness to tourists and residents.

Geologically the region is divided into the largely [[igneous rock|igneous]] and [[metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] west and [[sedimentary rock|sedimentary]] east, the dividing line slightly to the west of the [[River Exe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/sheet_1e-b.pdf|title=Information Sheet 1E: The Dartmoor granite and associated igneous rocks|publisher=Dartmoor National Park Authority|access-date=9 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115033241/http://www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/sheet_1e-b.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>  Cornwall and West Devon's landscape is of rocky coastline and high moorland, notably at [[Bodmin Moor]] and [[Dartmoor]].  These are due to the [[granite]] and [[slate]] that underlie the area. The highest point of the region is [[High Willhays]], at {{convert|2038|ft|m|0}}, on [[Dartmoor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=9545|title=High Willhays|publisher=Peakbagger.com|access-date=9 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119074848/http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=9545|archive-date=19 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In North Devon the slates of the west and limestones of the east meet at [[Exmoor]] National Park.  The variety of rocks of similar ages seen has led to the county's name being given to that of the [[Devonian]] period.

The east of the region is characterised by wide, flat clay [[Valley|vale]]s, and [[chalk]] and [[limestone]] [[downland]].  The vales, with good irrigation, are home to the region's dairy agriculture.  The [[Blackmore Vale]] was [[Thomas Hardy]]'s "Vale of the Little Dairies";<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thisisdorset.co.uk/westerngazette/news/Direct-Dorset-Producer-case-study/article-612470-detail/article.html|title=Direct From Dorset Producer case study|date=16 January 2009|work=Western Gazette|publisher=This is Dorset|access-date=9 September 2009}}</ref> another, the [[Somerset Levels]] was created by reclaiming wetlands.<ref name="robinwilliams">{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Robin |first2=Romey |last2=Williams |title=The Somerset Levels |year=1992 |publisher=Ex Libris Press |location=Bradford on Avon  |isbn=0-948578-38-6 }}</ref>  The [[Southern England Chalk Formation]] extends into the region, creating a series of high, sparsely populated and archaeologically rich downs, most famously [[Salisbury Plain]], but also [[Cranborne Chase]], the [[Dorset Downs]] and the [[Purbeck Hills]].  These downs are the principal area of [[arable land|arable agriculture]] in the region.  Limestone is also found in the region, at the [[Cotswolds]], [[Quantock Hills]] and [[Mendip Hills]], where they support sheep farming.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duff |first1=K.L. |first2=A.P.|last2= McKirdy |first3= M.J. |last3=Harley |title=New sites for old: A students guide to the geology of the east Mendips |year=1985 |publisher=Nature Conservancy Council |isbn=0-86139-319-8 }}</ref>  All of the principal rock types can be seen on the [[Jurassic Coast]] of Dorset and East Devon, where they document the entire [[Mesozoic]] era from west to east.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | year = 2001 | url = http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1029 | title = Dorset and East Devon Coast | publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | access-date = 14 January 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024084244/http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1029 | archive-date = 24 October 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of south-west England}}
The climate of South West England is classed as [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] (''Cfb'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The oceanic climate typically experiences cool winters with warmer summers and precipitation all year round, with more experienced in winter. Annual rainfall is about {{convert|1000|mm}} and up to {{convert|2000|mm}} on higher ground.<ref name="weather"/>  Summer maxima averages range from {{convert|18|°C}} to {{convert|22|°C}} and winter minimum averages range from {{convert|1|°C}} to {{convert|4|°C}} across the south-west.<ref name="weather">{{cite web|title=South West England: climate |work=Met Office |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/sw/ |access-date=14 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605003222/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/sw/ |archive-date= 5 June 2011 }}</ref> It is the second windiest area of the United Kingdom, the majority of winds coming from the south-west and north-east.<ref name="weather"/> Government organisations predict the region to rise in temperature and become the hottest region in the United Kingdom.<ref name="future">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/8108383.stm|title=South west faces temperature jump|date=19 June 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=25 June 2009}}</ref>

Inland areas of low altitude experience the least amount of precipitation. They experience the highest summer maxima temperatures, but winter minima are colder than the coast. Snowfalls are more frequent in comparison to the coast, but less so in comparison to higher ground.<ref name="weather"/> It experiences the lowest wind speeds and sunshine total in between that of the coast and the moors. The climate of inland areas is more noticeable the further north-east into the region.

In comparison to inland areas, the coast experiences high minimum temperatures, especially in winter, and it experiences slightly lower maximum temperatures during the summer. Rainfall is the lowest at the coast and snowfall is rarer than the rest of the region. Coastal areas are the windiest parts of the peninsula and they receive the most sunshine. The general coastal climate is more typical the further south-west into the region.

Areas of [[moorland]] inland such as: [[Bodmin Moor]], [[Dartmoor]] and [[Exmoor]] experience lower temperatures and more precipitation than the rest of the southwest (approximately twice as much rainfall as lowland areas), because of their high altitude. Both of these factors also cause it to experience the highest levels of snowfall and the lowest levels of sunshine. Exposed areas of the moors are windier than lowlands and can be almost as windy as the coast.

===Regional identity===
The boundaries of the South West region are based upon those devised by central government in the 1930s for civil defence administration and subsequently used for various statistical analyses. The region is also similar to that used in the 17th-century [[Rule of the Major-Generals]] under [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]]. (For further information, see [[Historical and alternative regions of England]]). By the 1960s, the South West region (including Dorset, which for some previous purposes had been included in a Southern region), was widely recognised for government administration and statistics. The boundaries were carried forward into the 1990s when regional administrations were formally established as Government Office Regions. A [[South West Regional Assembly|regional assembly]] and [[South West of England Regional Development Agency|regional development agency]] were created in 1999, then abolished in 2008 and 2012 respectively.

It has been argued{{by whom|date=August 2022}} that the official South West region does not possess a cultural and historic unity or identity of itself, which has led to criticism of it as an "artificial" construct. The large area of the region, stretching as it does from the Isles of Scilly to Gloucestershire, encompasses diverse areas which have little more in common with each other than they do with other areas of England. The region has several TV stations and newspapers based in different areas, and no single acknowledged regional "capital". Many people in the region have some level of a "South West" or "West Country" regional identity, although this may not necessarily correspond to an identification with the official government-defined [[Regions of England|region]]. It is common for people in the region to identify at a national level (whether [[English nationalism|English]], [[British nationalism|British]], [[Cornish nationalism|Cornish]] or a county, city or town level). Identifying as being from 'the Westcountry', amorphous though it is, tends to be more predominant further into the peninsula where the status of being from the region is less equivocal.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/publications/unit-publications/94.pdf | title=The Cornish Question: Devolution in the South-West Region | last=Sandford | first=Mark | publisher=UCL | access-date=12 February 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221191805/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/publications/unit-publications/94.pdf | archive-date=21 February 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/13785851/Regional-Spaces-Spaces-of-Regionalism-Territory-Insurgent-Politics-and-the-English-Question |title=Regional Spaces: Spaces of Regionalism, Territory, Insurgent Politics and the English Question |publisher=Scribd.com |date=31 March 2009 |access-date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118042520/http://www.scribd.com/doc/13785851/Regional-Spaces-Spaces-of-Regionalism-Territory-Insurgent-Politics-and-the-English-Question |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In particular, [[Cornwall]]'s inclusion in the region is disputed by Cornish nationalists.<ref>{{cite web |author=Cornish Constitutional Convention |url=http://www.cornishassembly.org/caseforcornwall.htm |title=Campaign for a Cornish Assembly |publisher=Cornishassembly.org |access-date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310230049/http://www.cornishassembly.org/caseforcornwall.htm |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The cross-party [[Cornish Constitutional Convention]] and Cornish nationalist party [[Mebyon Kernow]] have campaigned for a [[Cornish Assembly]] ever since the idea of regional devolution was put forward.

===Settlements===
The South West region is largely rural, with small towns and villages; a higher proportion of people live in such areas than in any other English region. There are two major regional cities in terms of population, which are Bristol and Plymouth (although Bristol is larger by some consideration), and two major conurbations which are the South East Dorset Conurbation (Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole) and the Bristol Metropolitan Conurbation (which includes the City of Bristol and areas of South Gloucestershire).
[[File:Pulteney Bridge, Bath 2.jpg|alt=A three arch stone bridge with buildings on it, over water. Below the bridge is a three step weir and pleasure boat.|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Pulteney Bridge]] in Bath, Somerset: the entire city is a World Heritage Site]]
Cities and Towns with specific tourist and cultural sites of interest include Bath, Bristol, Salisbury, Plymouth, Exeter, Cheltenham, Gloucester and Weston-super-Mare, as well as the county of Cornwall on a widespread scale.

The region is home to eleven universities: [[University of Bath]], [[University of Exeter]], [[University of Bristol]], [[Bournemouth University]], [[Falmouth University]] (Cornwall), [[University of Plymouth]], [[University of the West of England]], [[University of Gloucestershire]] (Gloucester and Cheltenham), [[Arts University Bournemouth]], [[Bath Spa University]], [[Plymouth Marjon University]], and [[Royal Agricultural University]] (Cirencester).
[[File:Cambray Place, Cheltenham (geograph 7343989).jpg|thumb| [[Cheltenham]]]]
The largest cities and towns in order of population are:
#[[Bristol]] (483,000)
#[[Plymouth]] (278,000)
#[[Bournemouth]] (196,000)
#[[Swindon]] (184,000)
#[[Poole]] (152,000)
#[[Exeter]] (135,000)
#[[Gloucester]] (132,000)
#[[Cheltenham]] (119,000)
#[[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] (94,000)
#[[Weston-super-Mare]] (82,000)
#[[Paignton]] (68,000)
#[[Torquay]] (65,000)
#[[Taunton]] (60,000)
#[[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]] (53,000).
#[[Yeovil]] (50,000)
#[[Salisbury]] (42,000)
#[[Bridgwater]] (41,000)
#[[Kingswood, South Gloucestershire|Kingswood]] (41,000)

The largest conurbations are:
# City of Bristol and surrounds, sometimes called [[Greater Bristol]] or "Bristol Built-up Area", which includes parts of [[South Gloucestershire]] (617,000)
# [[South East Dorset conurbation]], covering Bournemouth, Poole and [[Christchurch, Dorset|Christchurch]] (467,000)
# Plymouth (301,000)
#[[Gloucester#Geography|Gloucester Urban Area]], covering Gloucester and Innsworth (169,000)
#[[Torbay]], covering Torquay, Paignton and Brixham (122,000)

The population of the South West in 2009 was about five million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southwestrda.org.uk/region/population.shtm|title=Population|publisher=South West RDA|access-date=9 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904094452/http://www.southwestrda.org.uk/region/population.shtm|archive-date=4 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Transport===
The region lies on [[List of railway lines in Great Britain#South West|several main line railways]].  The [[Great Western Main Line]] runs from [[Paddington railway station|London Paddington]] to [[Bristol Temple Meads railway station|Bristol]], [[Exeter St Davids railway station|Exeter]], [[Plymouth railway station|Plymouth]], and [[Penzance railway station|Penzance]] in the far west of Cornwall. The [[South West Main Line]] runs from [[London Waterloo railway station|London Waterloo]] and [[Southampton Central railway station|Southampton]] to [[Bournemouth railway station|Bournemouth]], [[Poole railway station|Poole]] and [[Weymouth railway station|Weymouth]] in Dorset. The [[West of England Main Line]] runs from London Waterloo to Exeter via south Wiltshire, north Dorset and south Somerset.  The [[Wessex Main Line]] runs from Bristol to [[Salisbury railway station|Salisbury]] and on to Southampton. The [[Heart of Wessex Line]] runs from Bristol in the north of the region to Weymouth on the south [[Dorset]] coast via [[Westbury railway station|Westbury]], [[Castle Cary railway station|Castle Cary]] and [[Yeovil Town railway station|Yeovil]], with most services starting at [[Gloucester railway station|Gloucester]].

The vast majority of trains in the region are operated by [[CrossCountry]], [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] (GWR) and [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]] (SWR). GWR is the key operator for all counties in the region except Dorset where SWR is the key operator.

CrossCountry operates services to [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester Piccadilly]], [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow]] and [[Aberdeen railway station|Aberdeen]]. Dorset is currently the only county in the region where there are electric trains, though the Great Western Main Line and the [[South Wales Main Line]] in Wiltshire, Somerset, Greater Bristol and Gloucestershire is [[21st-century modernisation of the Great Western main line|being electrified]]. 
SWR operate services to and from London Waterloo and serves every county in the region except Gloucestershire and Cornwall. GWR serves all counties in the region and operate to various destinations, some of which run to South Wales and the West Midlands, though almost all intercity trains operated by GWR run through the region.

[[Transport for Wales Rail|Transport for Wales]] also operates services between {{stnlink|Maesteg}} and {{stnlink|Cheltenham Spa}}. [[West Midlands Trains|West Midlands Railway]] operated a [[parliamentary train]] between {{stnlink|Birmingham New Street}} and {{stnlink|Gloucester}} via {{rws|Worcester Shrub Hill}}, which was withdrawn in 2019 (there was once a regular service on the route, but this was withdrawn in 2009).

It has been proposed that the former [[London & South Western Railway]] [[Exeter to Plymouth railway of the LSWR|Exeter to Plymouth railway]] be reopened to connect Cornwall and Plymouth as an alternative to the route via the [[Dawlish]] seawall that is susceptible to closure in bad weather.<ref>{{cite news |last= Harris |first= Nigel |title= Taking trains back to Tavistock |work= Rail |issue= 590 |pages= 40–45| location= Peterborough| year = 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UK storms destroy railway line and leave thousands without power |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26042990 |date=5 February 2014 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205072449/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26042990 |archive-date=5 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dawlish's storm-damaged railway line reopens|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-26874503|access-date=4 April 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404063923/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-26874503|archive-date=4 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Network Rail chooses Dawlish alternative route |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-26110559 |date=10 February 2014 |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211080406/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-26110559 |archive-date=11 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Local bus services are primarily operated by [[FirstGroup]], [[Go-Ahead Group]] and [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]] subsidiaries as well as independent operators. [[Megabus (Europe)|Megabus]] and [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] operate long-distance services from South West England to all parts of the United Kingdom.

[[File:M5 - geograph.org.uk - 238980.jpg|thumb|M5 looking south towards [[Avonmouth]] ]]
Three major roads enter the region from the east. The [[M4 motorway]] from London to South Wales via Bristol is the busiest. The [[A303 road|A303]] cuts through the centre of the region from Salisbury to [[Honiton]],  where it merges with the [[A30 road|A30]] to continue past Exeter to the west of Cornwall. The [[A31 road|A31]], an extension of the [[M27 motorway|M27]], serves Poole and Bournemouth and the Dorset coast. The [[M5 motorway|M5]] runs from the [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]] through Gloucestershire, Bristol and Somerset to Exeter. The [[A38 road|A38]] serves as a western extension to Plymouth.  There are three other smaller motorways in the region, all [[Transport in Bristol|in the Bristol area]].

Passenger airports in the region include [[Bristol Airport|Bristol]], [[Exeter Airport|Exeter]], [[Newquay Airport|Newquay]] and [[Bournemouth Airport|Bournemouth]].

Within the region the local transport authorities carry out transport planning through the use of a [[Local transport plan|Local Transport Plan (LTP)]] which outlines their strategies, policies and implementation programme.<ref name=DfT1>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/regional/ltp/theltpprocess
|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100513051107/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/regional/ltp/theltpprocess
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=13 May 2010
|title= The LTP Process
|publisher=[[Department for Transport]]
|access-date=26 September 2010}}</ref> The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006–11. In the South West region the following transport authorities have published their LTP online: [[Bournemouth]] U.A.,<ref name=BmLTP>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/Residents/roads/transport/LTP/default.asp 
 |title=Bournemouth 2006–11 Local Transport Plan 
 |publisher=[[Bournemouth Borough Council]] 
 |access-date=28 April 2009 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415045417/http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/Residents/roads/transport/LTP/default.asp 
 |archive-date=15 April 2009 }}</ref> [[Cornwall]] U.A.,<ref name=LTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4595
|title=Cornwall 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Cornwall Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804213009/http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4595
|archive-date=4 August 2009
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Devon]],<ref name=DvLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/transportroads/devon_local_transport_plan/dltp.htm
|title=Devon 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Devon|Devon County Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111134735/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/transportroads/devon_local_transport_plan/dltp.htm
|archive-date=11 November 2009
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Dorset]],<ref name=DrLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.dorsetforyou.com/index.jsp?articleid=2579
|title=Dorset 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=Dorset County Council
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011160631/http://www.dorsetforyou.com/index.jsp?articleid=2579
|archive-date=11 October 2007
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Gloucestershire]],<ref name=GlLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=10987
|title=Gloucestershire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Gloucestershire County Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007100049/http://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=10987
|archive-date=7 October 2007
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Plymouth]] U.A.,<ref name=PmLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/homepage/transportandstreets/transportplanning/ltp2006-2011.htm
|title=Plymouth 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Plymouth|Plymouth City Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726174056/http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/homepage/transportandstreets/transportplanning/ltp2006-2011.htm
|archive-date=26 July 2008
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Somerset]],<ref name=SsLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.somerset.gov.uk/somerset/ete/transport/localtransportplans/localtransportplan2/index.cfm?override=publications&pubid=
|title=Somerset 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Somerset County Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109222217/http://www.somerset.gov.uk/somerset/ete/transport/localtransportplans/localtransportplan2/index.cfm?override=publications&pubid=
|archive-date=9 January 2009
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Swindon]] U. A.,<ref name=SwLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.swindon.gov.uk/roadstransport/transportplan.htm
|title=Swindon 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Swindon Borough Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501183017/http://www.swindon.gov.uk/roadstransport/transportplan.htm
|archive-date=1 May 2009
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Torbay]] U. A.<ref name=TbLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.torbay.gov.uk/index/transport-streets/transport/transportpolicy/transportplan.htm
|title=Torbay 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Torbay|Torbay Borough Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815180733/http://www.torbay.gov.uk/index/transport-streets/transport/transportpolicy/transportplan.htm
|archive-date=15 August 2007
|url-status=live
}}</ref> and [[Wiltshire Council|Wiltshire unitary authority]].<ref name=WlLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/parkingtransportandstreets/roadandtransportplans/localtransportplan2.htm
|title=Wiltshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[Wiltshire Council]]
|access-date=28 April 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910045625/http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/parkingtransportandstreets/roadandtransportplans/localtransportplan2.htm
|archive-date=10 September 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref> The transport authorities of [[Bath and North East Somerset]] U. A., [[Bristol]] U. A., [[North Somerset]] U. A. and [[South Gloucestershire]] U. A. publish a single Joint Local Transport Plan as part of the [[West of England|West of England Partnership]].<ref name=WoELTP>
{{cite web
 |url=http://travelplus.org.uk/our-vision/joint-local-transport-plan-3/let%27s-talk---read-the-draft-jltp3 
 |title=West of England Partnership 2011–26 Local Transport Plan 
 |publisher=West of England Partnership 
 |access-date=28 April 2009 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024204219/http://travelplus.org.uk/our-vision/joint-local-transport-plan-3/let%27s-talk---read-the-draft-jltp3 
 |archive-date=24 October 2010 }}</ref>