Editing South African Republic (section)

==Name and etymology==
In 1853 the Volksraad adopted a resolution briefly adopting the name of the {{lang|nl|Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek|}} (South African Republic). The same year, the Volksraad renamed the state to the {{lang|nl|Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek Benoorden de Vaalrivier|}} (South African Republic to the North of the Vaal River).<ref name="Eybers">{{cite book |last1=Eybers |first1=G.W. |title=Select constitutional documents illustrating South African history, 1795–1910 |date=1918 |publisher=George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., New York; E.P. Button & Co. |pages=360–361 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924030542165/page/n451/mode/2up |ol = 24129017M |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>  In 1858, the constitution permanently established the name of the country as the {{lang|nl|Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek}}.{{sfn|Eybers|1918|p=363}} The ZAR was also commonly referred to as {{lang|af|Transvaal}} in reference to the area beyond (or "[[wikt:trans-#English|trans]]") the [[Vaal River]],<ref>{{cite book|last = Tamarkin|first = M.|date = 1996|title = Cecil Rhodes and the Cape Afrikaners|location = London|publisher = Psychology Press|isbn = 9780714646275|pages = 249–250}}</ref> including by the British and European press. The British objected to the use of the name {{lang|nl|Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek}}. After the end of the First Boer War, the ZAR came under British [[suzerainty]] and in the [[Pretoria Convention]] of 3 August 1881,{{sfn|Eybers|1918|p=455–463}} the British insisted on the use of the name Transvaal State over {{lang|nl|Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek}}.<ref>Irish University Press Series: British Parliamentary Papers Colonies Africa, (BPPCA Transvaal Vol 37 (1971) No 41 at 267)</ref> This convention was renegotiated in a subsequent treaty between Britain and the ZAR, the [[London Convention (1884)|London Convention]] of 27 February 1884,{{sfn|Eybers|1918|pp=469–474}} where Britain acquiesced to the ZAR's demands to revert to the use of the previous name.<ref>{{cite book|last = Giliomee|first = H.|date = 2011|title = The Afrikaners: Biography of a People|location = London|publisher = C. Hurst and Co.|isbn = 9781850657149|pages = 234–235}}</ref>

The name of the South African Republic was of such political significance that on 1 September 1900, the British declared by special proclamation that the name of the country had been changed from {{lang|nl|Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek}} to "the Transvaal".{{sfn|Eybers|1918|p=514}} This proclamation was issued during the British occupation of the region in the [[Second Boer War]] and while the ZAR was still nominally an independent country.

On 31 May 1902, the [[Treaty of Vereeniging]] was signed with the government of the South African Republic, the Orange Free State government, and the British government, ending the war, and converted the ZAR into the [[Transvaal Colony]]. Following the establishment of the [[Union of South Africa]] in 1910, the Transvaal Colony became [[Transvaal (province)|Transvaal Province]]. The name Transvaal was finally changed in 1994, when the post-[[apartheid]] [[African National Congress]]-dominated South African government broke up the province into four provinces and renamed the core region [[Gauteng]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Treaty of Vereeniging, 31 May 1902 |date=2020-12-31 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780822385035-102/html |work=Archives of Empire |pages=706–708 |editor-last=Harlow |editor-first=Barbara |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.1515/9780822385035-102 |isbn=978-0-8223-8503-5 |s2cid=242687669 |access-date=2022-03-09 |editor2-last=Carter |editor2-first=Mia}}</ref>