Editing Sorghum (genus) (section)

== Evolution ==

=== Phylogeny ===

The ''Sorghum'' genus is closely related to [[maize]] within the [[PACMAD clade]] of grasses, and more distantly to the [[cereal]]s of the [[BOP clade]] such as [[wheat]] and [[barley]].<ref name="Escobar Scornavacca Cenci Guilhaumon 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Escobar |first1=Juan S |last2=Scornavacca |first2=Céline |last3=Cenci |first3=Alberto |last4=Guilhaumon |first4=Claire |last5=Santoni |first5=Sylvain |last6=Douzery |first6=Emmanuel J. P. |last7=Ranwez |first7=Vincent |last8=Glémin |first8=Sylvain |last9=David |first9=Jacques |display-authors=5 |title=Multigenic phylogeny and analysis of tree incongruences in Triticeae (Poaceae) |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=2011 |page=181 |pmid=21702931 |pmc=3142523 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-181 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..181E }}</ref>

{{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1=(Part of [[Poaceae]])
|1={{clade
   |label1= [[BOP clade]]
   |1={{clade
      |1=[[Bambusoideae]] (bamboos)
      |2={{clade
         |label1=[[Pooideae]]
         |1={{clade
            |label1=other grasses
            |1=([[fescue]], [[ryegrass]])
            |label2=[[Triticeae]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[[Hordeum]]'' (barley)
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Triticum]]'' (wheat)
                  |2=''[[Secale]]'' (rye)
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         |2=''[[Oryza]]'' (rice)
         }}
      }}
   |label2= [[PACMAD clade]] 
   |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Pennisetum]]'' (fountaingrasses, [[pearl millet]])
      |2={{clade
         |1='''''Sorghum''''' ([[sorghum]])
         |2=''[[Zea (plant)|Zea]]'' ([[maize]])
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

=== Taxonomy ===

The ''Sorghum'' [[genus]] is in the grass family, [[Poaceae]], in the subfamily [[Panicoideae]], in the tribe [[Andropogoneae]] – the same as [[maize]] (''Zea mays''), big bluestem (''[[Andropogon gerardi]]''), and [[sugarcane]] (''Saccharum'' spp.). Accepted species recorded include:<ref name="TPL">{{cite web |date=2013 |title=The Plant List: ''Sorghum'' |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=sorghum |access-date=28 February 2017 |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens Kew]] and Missouri Botanic Garden}}</ref>

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* ''[[Sorghum amplum]]'' – northwestern Australia
* ''[[Sorghum angustum]]'' – Queensland
* ''[[Sorghum arundinaceum]]'' – Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar, islands of the western Indian Ocean
* ''[[Sorghum bicolor]]'' – cultivated sorghum, also known as durra, jowari, or milo. Native to Sahel region of Africa; naturalized in many places
* ''[[Sorghum brachypodum]]'' – Northern Territory of Australia
* ''[[Sorghum bulbosum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum burmahicum]]'' – Thailand, Myanmar
* ''[[Sorghum controversum]]'' – India
* ''[[Sorghum × drummondii]]'' – Sahel and West Africa
* ''[[Sorghum ecarinatum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum exstans]]'' – Northern Territory of Australia
* ''[[Sorghum grande]]'' – Northern Territory, Queensland
* ''[[Johnson grass|Sorghum halepense]]'' – Johnson grass – North Africa, islands of eastern Atlantic, southern Asia from Lebanon to Vietnam; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, the Americas
* ''[[Sorghum interjectum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum intrans]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum laxiflorum]]'' – Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, New Guinea, northern Australia
* ''[[Sorghum leiocladum]]'' – Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria
* ''[[Sorghum macrospermum]]'' – Northern Territory of Australia
* ''[[Sorghum matarankense]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum nitidum]]'' – East Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Micronesia
* ''[[Sorghum plumosum]]'' – Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia
* ''[[Sorghum propinquum]]'' – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Christmas Island, Micronesia, Cook Islands
* ''[[Sorghum purpureosericeum]]'' – Sahel from Mali to Tanzania; Yemen, Oman, India
* ''[[Sorghum stipoideum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum timorense]]'' – Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, New Guinea, northern Australia
* ''[[Sarga trichoclada|Sorghum trichocladum]]'' – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
* ''[[Sarga versicolor|Sorghum versicolor]]'' – eastern + southern Africa from Ethiopia to Namibia; Oman
* ''[[Sorghum virgatum]]'' – dry regions from Senegal to the Levant.
}}

Seventeen of the 25 species are native to [[Australia]],<ref name="ITS-ndhF">{{ Cite journal |language=en |year=2016 |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1070–85 |first3=Marta |first2=Agnelo |first1=Robert |last3=Brozynska |last2=Furtado |last1=Henry |issn=1467-7644 |eissn=1467-7652 |journal=Plant Biotechnology Journal |title=Genomics of crop wild relatives: expanding the gene pool for crop improvement |s2cid=3402991 |pmid=26311018 |doi=10.1111/pbi.12454 |doi-access=free|pmc=11389173 }}</ref><ref>{{ Cite journal |first1=Sally L. |last1=Dillon |first2=Peter K. |last2=Lawrence |first3=Robert J. |last3=Henry |first4=Larry |last4=Ross |first5=H. James |last5=Price |first6=J. Spencer |last6=Johnston |issn=0378-2697 |eissn=1615-6110 |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |s2cid=27363366 |doi=10.1007/s00606-004-0210-7 |title=''Sorghum laxiflorum'' and ''S. macrospermum'', the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated ''S. bicolor'' based on ITS1 and ''ndh''F sequence analysis of 28 ''Sorghum'' species |date=2004 |volume=249 |issue=3–4 |pages=233–246 |bibcode=2004PSyEv.249..233D }}</ref><ref name="Dillon Lawrence Henry Ross 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Dillon |first1=S. L. |last2=Lawrence |first2=P. K. |last3=Henry |first3=R. J. |last4=Ross |first4=L. |last5=Price |first5=H. J. |last6=Johnston |first6=J. S. |title=Sorghum laxiflorum and S. macrospermum, the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated S. bicolor based on ITS1 and ndhF sequence analysis of 25 Sorghum species |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=249 |issue=3–4 |date=2004 |issn=0378-2697 |doi=10.1007/s00606-004-0210-7 |pages=233–246|bibcode=2004PSyEv.249..233D }}</ref> with the range of some extending to Africa, Asia, [[Mesoamerica]], and certain islands in the [[Indian Ocean |Indian]] and [[Pacific Islands |Pacific]] Oceans.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tropicos, ''Sorghum'' Moench |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40002210 |access-date=2018-05-31 |publisher=Tropicos}}</ref><ref name="china">{{cite web |title=Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 600 高粱属 gao liang shu ''Sorghum'' Moench, Methodus. 207. 1794 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130722 |access-date=2018-05-31 |publisher=Efloras}}</ref>