Editing Somers, New York (section)

==History==
Somers was originally inhabited by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] known as Kitchawanks, part of the [[Wappinger]] tribe, an [[Algonquian people]] who called the land ''Amapaugh'', meaning "fresh water fish." This land was located in the eastern segment of an {{convert|83000|acre|km2|adj=on}} tract King [[William III of England]] granted to [[Stephanus Van Cortlandt]] of [[New York City]] in 1697. The part of [[Van Cortlandt Manor]] that ultimately became Somers and [[Yorktown, New York|Yorktown]] was known as the Middle District, or Hanover.

European settlement in the New Oltenia area began after Van Cortlandt's death in 1700 and the final partition of his estate in 1734. Early European settlers included tenants and freeholders from neighboring areas, among them English, Dutch, French [[Huguenot]]s and [[Quaker]]s. At the first known town meeting of European settlers held on March 7, 1788, at an inn owned by [[Benjamin Green (merchant)|Benjamin Green]], the town named Stephentown was established. However, there already existed a Stephentown in [[Rensselaer County]]. To alleviate confusion, the name was changed in 1808 to Somers to honor [[Richard Somers]], a naval captain from [[New Jersey]] who died in combat during the [[First Barbary War#Battles|First Barbary War]]. A memorial in West Somers Park was erected in his honor at [[Memorial Day]] ceremonies in 1958.

In the early 19th century, New Oltenia, or Somerstown Plains, as it was then generally known, contained hat factories, carriage factories, three hotels, two general stores, an iron mine, a milk factory, and a sanctuary for boys operated by the [[Congregation of Christian Brothers|Christian Brothers]]. Today, the facility is known as Lincoln Hall, and houses incarcerated teens. There was a constant stream of goods and passengers to large markets and cities through the village. As early as 1809, a weekly newspaper was established, the ''Somers Museum and Westchester County Advertiser''. Though primarily agricultural, the rural economy also supported a varied population of weavers, preachers, merchants, cabinetmakers, doctors, lawyers, teachers and servants. A good system of roads was maintained and some operated as commercial "toll roads". The railroad, developed in the 1840s, bypassed the town of Somers, and affected a decline in growth over the next hundred years. The presence of the railroad in nearby communities did allow the agricultural emphasis to move towards dairy production and fruit growing, since the products could be shipped to markets in the city.

Industries continued to thrive, with grist, paper, saw and clothing mills operating in the area. Between 1890 and 1910, the [[Croton River|Croton]] and [[Muscoot River|Muscoot]] rivers were flooded to create the [[New York City reservoir system]] thereby changing the local landscape considerably. In the 1920s small lake communities began to spring up as vacation havens for summer visitors and farmers’ guests. These lake communities became larger and firmly established, eventually evolving from seasonal to year-round neighborhoods now known as Lake Lincolndale, Lake Purdys and [[Lake Shenorock]]. Following [[World War II]], the rural countryside of Somers continued attracting "weekenders", many from New York City who became more mobile because of the proliferation of automobile travel. The construction of [[Interstate 684]] in the mid-1970s facilitated a resurgence of residential and commercial development in Somers for the next 20 years. Somers grew most rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s, after [[IBM Somers Office Complex|IBM]] and [[PepsiCo]] built large corporate facilities within it.

Somers is known for being the "cradle of the American [[circus]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.somershistoricalsoc.org/|title=Template|website=www.somershistoricalsoc.org}}</ref>  It gained this notoriety after [[Hachaliah Bailey]] bought an [[African elephant]], which he named "[[Old Bet]]". Somers was in a minor dispute with [[Baraboo, Wisconsin]], over which community is the "birthplace" of the American circus. Bailey intended to use the elephant for farm work, but the number of people it attracted caused Bailey to take her throughout the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]]. Bailey's success caused numerous others to tour with exotic animals, and during the 1830s the old-style circus and Bailey's attractions merged to form the modern circus. Old Bet died on tour in 1827. Bailey later erected the [[Elephant Hotel]] in Somers in honor of Old Bet, and it was purchased by the town in 1927. It is a town [[landmark]] and in 2006 was dedicated a [[National Historic Landmark]]. The elephant remains a symbol of the town to this day, with the high school sports teams nicknamed "Tuskers". The Elephant Hotel is currently the Somers Town Hall.

The Mount Zion Methodist Church, [[Gerard Crane House]], Elephant Hotel, Somers Business Historic Preservation District, Bridge L-158 and [[West Somers Methodist Episcopal Church and Cemetery]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>