Editing Societas Europaea (section)

== Formation ==
[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/statute-for-a-european-company.html The statute] provides five ways of forming a European limited company:<ref>A. Arlt, C. Bervoets, K. Grechenig, S. Kalss, The Societas Europaea in Relation to the Public Corporation of Five Member States (France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Austria), [http://ssrn.com/abstract=2404620 European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR) 2002, pp. 733–764].</ref>
# By merger of national companies from different member states
#By creation of a European limited company as a parent company in a holding structure of joint stock companies and limited liability companies from different member states 
# By the creation of a joint venture between companies (or other entities) in different member states
# By the creation of an SE subsidiary of a national company
# By the conversion of a national company into an SE

Formation by merger is available only to [[public limited companies]] from different member states. Formation of an SE holding company is available to public and [[private limited companies]] with their registered offices in different member states or having subsidiaries or branches in member states other than that of their registered office. Formation of a joint subsidiary is available under the same circumstances to any [[legal entities]] governed by public or private law.<ref>{{cite book| author = Krzysztof Oplustil|author2=Christoph Teichmann| title = The European Company - All Over Europe: A State-By-State Account of the Introduction of the European Company| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3Yv01fWgBoC| year = 2004| publisher = Walter de Gruyter| isbn = 978-3-89949-096-1 }}</ref>